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7th European Thermal-Sciences Conference (Eurotherm2016) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 745 (2016) 032157 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032157 3. Conclusions A tremendous development of CO2 technology has taken place since the revival of the refrigerant around 1990. The development has led to efficient CO2 systems that have been introduced in the market, but also inspired developments for other technologies. Ongoing development in several applications and in development of components and novel system designs as ejectors are expected to enable commercialisation in several applications in the near future. CO2 systems do offer the advantage of enabling flooded evaporators supported with adapted ejector technology, which offers high system performances at low temperature differences and low temperature mal-distributions across evaporators. Challenges exists in achieving energy efficiency and competitive system cost in some application areas. However, looking at the results achieved in the development so far and the considerable research and development effort ongoing, it is expected that these challenges may be overcome for many new applications. The focus on reducing GHG emissions and environmental aspects as such is also expected to further encourage increased use of NWFs in general and advanced CO2 systems supported by ejectors in particular. References [1] Carrier 2015 http://www.carrier.com/container- refrigeration/en/worldwide/products/Container-Units/NaturaLINE/ [2] Coca-Cola company 2014 http://www.coca-colacompany.com/innovation/coca-cola-installs- 1-millionth-hfc-free-cooler-globally-preventing-525mm-metrics-tons-of-co2 [3] Daimler 2015. https://www.daimler.com/documents/investors/nachrichten/kapitalmarktmeldungen/ daimler- ir-release-en-20151020.pdf [4] Elbel S, Lawrence N 2016 Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology International Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 62 pp 1-18 [5] Girotto S, 2016 Direct space heating and cooling with CO2 refrigerant, a new solution for commercial buildings Proc. from ATMOsphere Europe 2016: http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=754 [6] Hinrichs, J, 2011 Weniger Verbrauch, mehr Komfort: Effizientes Heiz-/Kühlsystem für Elektrofahr-zeuge. Conference „Prima Klima im Auto: Wie wird die Klimaanlage zukunftsfähig?“, Berlin [7] Hafner A, Pettersen J, Skaugen G, Nekså P, 1998 An Automobile HVAC system with CO2 as the refrigerant, Proceedings of the 3rd IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference (Natural Working Fluids '98), Oslo, Norway [8] Hafner A and Nekså P, 2006 Global environmental consequences of introducing R744 (CO2 ) mobile air conditioning, Proceeding of the 7th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids, Trondheim, Norway, May 28-31, 2006 [9] Hafner A, Försterling S, Bø Andreassen H E, Walnum H T, 2011 Air reversing HVAC unit for public trains Proceedings of the Int. Cong. of Refrigeration 2011, August, Prague, CR [10] Hafner A, Schönenberger J, Banasiak K, Girotto S, 2014 R744 ejector supported parallel vapour compression system Proc. of the 3rd IIR Int. Conf. on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, London, UK. [11] Hafner A, 2016 Natural refrigerants, a complete solution – Latest technological advancements for warm climates. Proc. from ATMOsphere Europe 2016: http://www.atmo.org/media.presentation.php?id=738 [12] Hashimoto, K, 2006 Technology & market development of CO2 heat pump water heaters (ECOCUTE) in Japan, IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter, Vol 24 No 3, pp 12-16 12PDF Image | R744 ejector technology
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