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6 | THE PERFECT FIT REGULATORY ASSISTANCE PROJECT Contents Executive summary 7 Policy to drive heat pump deployment ............................................................................................................. 7 Reforming the Fit for 55 package ...................................................................................................................... 8 Member State policy reform ............................................................................................................................. 9 PART 1: Introduction 10 PART 2: Why heat pumps are so important 12 PART 3: What holds back heat pump deployment and how to change it 16 3.1 Incumbent heating infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 17 3.2 The economics of heat pumps .................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Capital costs ......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.2 Ongoing costs ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 The existing policy environment ................................................................................................................. 21 3.4 Learning from experience............................................................................................................................ 23 PART: 4 Making the Fit for 55 package the perfect fit for heat pumps 25 4.1 The importance of pricing............................................................................................................................ 25 4.1.1 Revision of the EU ETS Directive ......................................................................................................... 27 4.1.2 Revision of the Energy Tax Directive ................................................................................................... 29 4.2 The need for subsidies, incentives and funding......................................................................................... 30 4.2.1 The Recast Directive on Energy Efficiency ........................................................................................ 32 4.2.2 Proposed revisions to the Renewable Energy Directive ................................................................... 35 4.3 Regulatory requirements for heat pumps.................................................................................................. 38 4.3.1 Proposed revision of the EPBD for existing buildings ....................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Proposed revision of the EPBD for new buildings ............................................................................ 40 4.3.3 Performance standards for appliances.............................................................................................. 44 PART 5: Existing European heat pump support strategies and policies 48 5.1 Pompes à chaleur: heat pumps in France ................................................................................................... 48 5.2 Pompa di calore: heat pumps in Italy.......................................................................................................... 49 5.3 Wärmepumpe: heat pumps in Germany .................................................................................................... 50 5.4 Bomba de calor: heat pumps in Spain........................................................................................................ 51 5.5 Varmepumpe and lämpöpumppu: heat pumps in Sweden and Finland .................................................. 52 PART 6: Conclusions and specific policy recommendations 53 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 53PDF Image | RAP Perfect Fit Heat Pump
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