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REGULATORY ASSISTANCE PROJECT THE PERFECT FIT | 7 Executive summary As the energy system enters the next stage of the transition, climate targets are tightened and the requirement to reduce exposure to increasingly volatile gas imports grows, decarbonisation needs to enter homes and buildings. For Europe, and indeed other regions too, heat pumps are a critical sustainable heating technology which will significantly reduce primary energy demand. This paper has been developed by a group of multi-institution buildings and heat decarbonisation experts. The authors have knowledge across the policy and regulatory landscape associated with heating and heat pumps in Europe. The rationale of the paper is to investigate the importance of heat pumps for Europe and to consider how European Union (EU) policy can support the deployment of heat pumps at required levels. The transition to low-carbon heating will bring with it a number of co-benefits for the EU, including a reduced reliance on increasingly costly and fragile energy imports, the ability to maximize the use of ever-cheaper renewable electricity for heating, and more comfortable homes and buildings. EU energy policy needs to increase its focus on delivering low-carbon buildings, and within that the Fit for 55 package needs to explicitly recognize the value of heat pumps. Policy to drive heat pump deployment The primary policy focus of this analysis is on the EU’s Fit for 55 package and how it could be improved to drive greater use of heat pumps. Based on best practice elsewhere, we also consider how Member States can support heat pump deployment in advance of potential EU-level reforms. Overall, heat pumps of all sizes will be needed, with many of them installed at a building level. Larger heat pumps connected to another key low-carbon heat technology, district heating networks, will also be needed. In both cases, the rapid deployment of these heat pumps needs to take place alongside the deployment of measures which increase the fabric energy efficiency of buildings. Heat pumps are relatively straightforward devices. Electricity – which can be generated from low-carbon sources – is used to efficiently collect heat from the environment and upgrade it to a temperature at which it can heat buildings and produce hot water. The components they use are identical to those in a fridge. Ambient heat from the air and ground is the most common source of environmental heat in heat pumps today, but heat pumps can also be used to extract heat from waste heat sources (e.g. industrial processes, data centres, sewer networks) and from water sources such as rivers, lakes and the sea. Historically, EU energy policy has made only broad interventions into the heating market, with Member State requirements for renewable energy development under the Renewable Energy Directive being a key driver. Yet the EU’s target of a reduction of 55% in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 requires rapid progress across all sectors of the economy, including heating and cooling and buildings. The current Fit for 55 legislative proposals provide a valuable window of opportunity for heat-pump-supportive policy.PDF Image | RAP Perfect Fit Heat Pump
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