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REGULATORY ASSISTANCE PROJECT THE PERFECT FIT | 13 With the goal of climate-neutrality necessitating the end of fossil-fuel heating in buildings by 2045, Europe requires a heating strategy aligned with this goal.10 Beyond the need for decarbonisation, the EU also needs to reduce its reliance on imported and increasingly expensive fossil fuels, something which heat decarbonisation naturally drives. Europe also has an unsustainable bioenergy problem. In many cases, bioenergy for heating and cooling is associated with significantly higher environmental costs (even more than fossil fuels), with implications for human health and biodiversity as well as questionable benefits from a climate perspective.11 Yet today bioenergy represents by far the largest share of renewable heating and cooling in Europe (85% in 2019), and demand is still growing. Member State national energy and climate plans (NECPs) suggest that current policies could increase bioenergy use in heating and cooling by 11% by 2030.12 In other words, without further guardrails, the EU’s new climate targets could push demand for bioenergy in heating and cooling and electricity beyond sustainability limits. A domestic air source heat pump. Image kindly provided by Jonathan Atkinson AKA @lowwintersun. 10 Buck, M. & Dusolt, A. (2021). Preparing the necessary phase-out of fossil gas in Europe - Benchmarks and recommendations for the Fit for 55 package [Presentation]. Agora Energiewende. https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/preparing-the-necessary-phase-out-of-fossil-gas-in-europe/ 11 Material Economics. (2021). EU biomass use in a net-zero economy: a course correction for EU biomass. https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/eu- biomass-use 12 Smith, M., Kralli, A. & Lemoine, P. (2021). Analysis on biomass in national energy and climate plans. Trinomics. https://www.fern.org/publications-insight/ analysis-on-biomass-in-national-energy-and-climate-plans-2326/PDF Image | RAP Perfect Fit Heat Pump
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