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REGULATORY ASSISTANCE PROJECT THE PERFECT FIT | 17 3.1 Incumbent heating infrastructure A significant hurdle to heat pump deployment is often the infrastructures and systems in place which support the incumbent heating technology. These infrastructures may simply offer nothing to drive heat pumps, for example in the case of a gas grid, or they may actively lean markets away from heat pumps, for example where significant sunk costs have already been incurred, effectively perpetuating the incumbent technology. Heating technology mixes vary significantly between and within European countries. Figure 518 shows the way heat is delivered across the (then) 28 EU Member States. In general, warmer countries in the south of Europe are more reliant on individual heating solutions (which include biomass, oil and coal) to meet their heating needs, and are less likely to use network infrastructure, such as electricity grids, heat networks and gas grids. Figure 5. Share of residential heat consumption from individual heating or delivered via district heat networks, gas grids or electricity grids by Member State Cyprus - Greece - Slovenia - Portugal - Croatia - Ireland - Spain - Bulgaria - Poland - Romania - Austria - Latvia - Lithuania - Belgium - Estonia - Czech Republic - Luxembourg - France - Germany - EU-28 average - Malta - Hungary - Denmark - Finland - Italy - Sweden - United Kingdom - Netherlands - Slovakia - 0% District heating grid Electricity grid Gas grid Individual 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source: Bertelsen, N. & Vad Mathiesen, B. (2020). EU-28 Residential Heat Supply and Consumption: Historical Development and Status. Energies. 18 Bertelsen, N. & Vad Mathiesen, B. (2020). EU-28 Residential Heat Supply and Consumption: Historical Development and Status. Energies 2020, 13(8). https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/8/1894PDF Image | RAP Perfect Fit Heat Pump
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