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22 | THE PERFECT FIT REGULATORY ASSISTANCE PROJECT As is shown in Figure 8,26 some Member States have imposed fossil-fuel heating bans for new buildings, but they are in a minority. For new buildings, the inclusion of heat pumps at the time of construction is more straightforward and more cost-effective than retrofitting them, as buildings and heating systems can be designed with low flow temperatures in mind from the outset. Fossil- fuel heating bans in new builds can also be relatively easy to achieve through building regulations and codes. Figure 8. Fossil-fuel heating restrictions in EU Member States and Norway Germany Ban on installation of mono-fuel oil/coal boilers from 2026 (new and existing buildings). Regional use obligations for renewable heating. Netherlands De facto ban of connection to the gas grid for new buildings from 2018. Norway Ban on use of oil for heating (new and existing buildings). Denmark Use obligation for renewable heating. Different zones with exemption regulations. Belgium Regional ban on installation of oil boilers in new buildings and after renovation from 2022. Also, additional gas connection ban for new large building projects from 2021 in the Flemish region. Austria Ban on installation of oil/coal boilers from 2020 (only new buildings). Further regional restrictions and plans for expanding the ban. France Stepwise de facto ban of oil boilers as well as gas boilers in new buildings (for certain types of housing) from 2022. Source: Based on Figure 4 from: Braungardt, S, et al. (2021). Phase-out regulations for fossil fuel boilers at EU and national level. The more complex nature of low-carbon heating retrofits compared to bans in new builds means that policies for banning fossil-fuel appliance replacements are less common than new build fossil fuel bans. Bans on replacement oil systems are present in Norway, adopted in France and also under discussion in the UK. A full oil heating phase-out is planned in Finland by 2030.27 Bans on gas heating are relatively novel but the UK is currently considering a gas boiler installation ban for the mid-2030s. The relative lack of bans on new and replacement fossil-fuel heating systems is a key element maintaining fossil-fuel heating markets. Clearly these bans need to become more common, so that replacement systems will not lock in fossil-fuel heating and lead to stranded fossil fuel assets and potentially the breaching of carbon targets. 26 Braungardt, S., Keimeyer, F., Bürger, V., Tezak, B. & Klinski, S. (2021). Phase-out regulations for fossil fuel boilers at EU and national level. Öko-Institut e.V. https://www.oeko.de/fileadmin/oekodoc/Phase-out_fossil_heating.pdf 27 Vavre, J. & Zill, M. (2021). Member States’ ambition to phase out fossil-fuel heating – an analysis. ECOS & Coolproducts. https://www.coolproducts.eu/wp- content/uploads/2021/07/ECOS-Coolproducts-Background-Briefing-MS-ambition-to-phase-out-fossil-fuel-heating.pdfPDF Image | RAP Perfect Fit Heat Pump
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