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REGULATORY ASSISTANCE PROJECT THE PERFECT FIT | 51 • Regulatory policies: The installation of standalone oil boilers (i.e. ‘mono- fuel’ boilers not accompanied by heat pumps or solar thermal) is banned from 2026,84 but hybrid oil heating systems coupled with renewables are still permissible from this date. By contrast, the recent coalition agreement outlines a plan to require all replacement heating systems to achieve 65% renewable energy levels by 2025.85 While the details of this measure are unclear and must still be implemented, they would likely represent a significant strengthening compared to current provisions. Under Germany’s Renewable Energies Heat Act, new buildings are also required to have at least 14% renewable heating and cooling as well as meet a certain primary energy standard, but in both cases it is left open with which (renewable) technologies these requirement are met. • While fossil-fuel heating is not banned for new builds, the frequent use of heat pumps in new construction in part reflects the strict primary energy demand requirements set out in German building regulations,86 as well as the amount of financial support given to buildings constructed to stricter energy-efficiency requirements. The recent coalition agreement proposes raising the minimum standard for new construction from Germany’s ‘Efficiency house 70’ standard to the far stricter ‘Efficiency house 40’ standard from 1 January 2025. Moreover, special support for new construction is now restricted to buildings achieving at least the ‘Efficiency house 40’ standard from 1 February 2022. 5.4 Bomba de calor: heat pumps in Spain In 2020, Spain was the fourth-largest heat pump market in Europe and Spain’s Integrated National Climate and Energy Plan suggests a near six-fold increase in the number of heat pumps in Spain between 2020 and 2030.87 Yet according to the Spanish Association for the Manufacturers of Air Conditioning Equipment, no specific heat pump support policies exist in Spain.88 One reason for the strong state of the heat pump market in Spain despite this minimal policy environment is likely to be because of the limited penetration of gas heating, meaning that in many instances the effective efficiency of heat pumps can drive down the costs of electric space and hot water heating. Relatively warm temperatures in many Spanish geographies may also mean that where households install cooling, these systems are also used to provide heating. 84 Vavre & Zill, 2021. 85 Koalitionsvertrag Zwischen, SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und FDP. (2021). Mehr Fortschritt Wagen—Bündnis Für Freiheit, Gerechtigkeit und Nachhaltigkeit. https://www.spd.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Koalitionsvertrag/Koalitionsvertrag_2021-2025.pdf 86 Der Bundesverband Wärmepumpe. (2015). Ratgeber Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV). https://www.waermepumpe.de/fileadmin/user_upload/ waermepumpe/05_Presse/01_Pressemitteilungen/Ratgeber_EnEV.pdf 87 European Commission. (2020h). Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 – Spain. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ es_final_necp_main_en.pdf 88 Personal communication with AFEC.PDF Image | RAP Perfect Fit Heat Pump
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