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Energies 2019, 12, 457 Heat Pump Components 8 of 35 References White et al. [28] Type of Study Table 2. Cont. Unique System Features Nature of Study Major Findings Theoretical Experimental Energy Exergy √√ - Compressor discharge √ pressure was controlled by the expansion valve - Reciprocating compressor - Recuperator - Optimum COPheat of the prototype was close to 3 when water was heated up to 90 ◦C - Compressor isentropic efficiency was found to be reasonably constant at about 70% - Volumetric flow rate dropped off significantly at high pressure ratios - The largest exergy loss occurred in the throttling valve Expansion Device - Efficient expansion work recovery system - COP heat increased by 30% when compared to the baseline cycle - Optimal discharge pressure was 8.5 MPa - Throttling losses reduced by 46% - Improved the system performance up to 30% Yang et al. [13] Xing et al. [29] Boccardi et al. [30] √ - - Throttling valve of about 38% COP and exergy efficiency of the expander cycle were, respectively, on average 33% and 30% higher than the throttling valve cycle Expander √ - - Throttling valve cycle and expander cycle - Two-stage cycle - Two ejectors arranged in √ the low and high- √ pressure side - Developed mathematical model √ - √ Multi ejectors - Air to water HPPDF Image | Recent Advances in Transcritical CO2 (R744) Heat Pump System
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