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Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined

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Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined ( residential-co2-heat-pump-system-combined )

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Summary and Conclusions Carbon dioxide (CO2, R-744) has been identified as a promising alterna- tive to conventional working fluids in a number of applications due to its favourable environmental and thermophysical properties. Previous work on residential CO2 heat pumps has been dealing with systems for either space heating or hot water heating, and it was therefore considered interesting to carry out a theoretical and experimental study of residential CO2 heat pump systems for combined space heating and hot water heating – so-called integrated CO2 heat pump systems. The scope of this thesis is limited to brine-to-water and water-to-water heat pumps connected to low-temperature hydronic space heating systems. Gas Cooler Design and System Evaluation Due to the low critical temperature of CO2, an integrated CO2 heat pump unit will give off heat by cooling of CO2 at supercritical pressure in a gas cooler. In order to achieve a high coefficient of performance (COP), it is essential that useful heat is given off over a large temperature range, resulting in a relatively low CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler. A number of gas cooler configurations were evaluated. It was found that the application of a tripartite gas cooler for preheating of domestic hot water (DHW), low-temperature space heating and reheating of DHW, would enable production of DHW in the required temperature range from 60 to 85oC, and contribute to the highest possible COP for the integrated CO2 heat pump unit. In the investigated CO2 heat pump system, the gas cooler units for heating of DHW were connected to a single-shell storage tank by means of a closed water loop. Experimental Activities and Modelling The Prototype Brine-to-Water CO2 Heat Pump Unit A test rig for a 6.5 kW residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump unit for combined space heating and hot water heating was built in order to document the performance and to study component and system behaviour over a wide range of operating conditions. The prototype heat pump was vii

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Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined

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