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equipped with a counter-flow tube-in-tube evaporator, a hermetic two- stage rolling piston compressor, a counter-flow tripartite tube-in-tube gas cooler, a low-pressure receiver (LPR) and a manual back-pressure valve. The heat pump was tested in three different modes; Simultaneous space heating and DHW heating, DHW heating only and space heating only. The compressor was operated at 6000 rpm, and most tests were carried out at an evaporation temperature of -5oC. The heat pump unit gave off heat to a low-temperature floor heating system at supply/return tempera- tures of 33/28, 35/30 or 40/35oC. In the combined heating mode and the DHW heating mode, the set-point for the DHW temperature was 60, 70 or 80oC. At each temperature programme for the space heating and DHW systems, the inlet gas cooler pressure was varied to check its impact on the heating capacity, the COP and the temperature profiles in the tripartite gas cooler. A steady-state computer model for integrated CO2 heat pump units using a tripartite counter-flow tube-in-tube gas cooler was developed in order to analyse and supplement the measurements from the prototype heat pump test rig. The model, which was established in Microsoft Excel/Visual Basic, was verified by means of measurements from the test rig. The prototype CO2 heat pump system was also analysed by means of the exergy method in order to document the thermodynamic losses in the components and sub-systems, and to check the possibilities for efficiency improvements. The DHW Storage Tank and the Movable Insulating Plate A test rig comprising a 200 litre cylindrical single-shell DHW tank was constructed, in order to measure the transient temperature development in the tank caused by conductive heat transfer through the tank walls and between the hot and cold water in the tank during the tapping and charging periods. The test rig was also used to examine the thermal performance and the functionality of a movable insulating plate, which was used to eliminate the mixing and to reduce the conductive heat transfer between the hot and cold water in the tank. Two different insu- lating plates made of 50 mm extruded polystyrene (XPS) and equipped with balancing weights were tested. During all tests, the tank was insu- lated with 40 mm fibre-glass, the city water temperature and the DHW temperature were around 5 and 55oC, respectively, and the room tempera- ture was between 20 and 22oC. viiiPDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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