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1 – Introduction This objective had a number of sub-goals: ♦ Identify and evaluate possible system designs, and apply the most promising concept in the further work. ♦ Carry out a thermodynamic analysis for the selected system, and eva- luate the most important factors that affect the energy efficiency. ♦ Design and test a prototype residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating. ♦ Carry out computer simulations to analyse the CO2 heat pump system and to supplement the measurements from the test rig. ♦ Compare the performance of the CO2 heat pump system with the per- formance of state-of-the-art residential heat pump systems. 1.3 Structure of the Thesis ♦ Chapter 2, Technological Status of Residential Heat Pumps for Space and Hot Water Heating, provides an overview of the techno- logical status for residential brine-to-water and water-to-water heat pump systems for combined space heating and hot water heating. A brief overview of the development in heating demands in houses as well as common design and temperature requirements for low- temperature hydronic space heating systems are also presented. The final part of the chapter summarizes the research and development work on residential CO2 heat pump systems. ♦ Chapter 3, Theoretical Background and System Evaluations, provides a theoretical analysis of residential brine-to-water and water-to-water CO2 heat pump systems for combined space heating and hot water heating. It focuses on the design, general operational characteristics and the performance of the CO2 gas cooler and the hot water system. The application of a movable insulating plate, that reduces the conductive heat transfer inside the DHW storage tank and eliminates the mixing of hot and cold water, is also analysed. ♦ Chapter 4, Test Rig Design and Experimental Methods, presents the design, instrumentation and experimental procedures for two test rigs: A 6.5 kW residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating (prototype), and a 4PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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