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2 – Technological Status Table 2.3 shows, as an example, the relationship between the supply temperature and the COP for a high-efficiency residential brine-to-water heat pump unit (ref. Appendix B), and the relative need for external reheating of the DHW. In the calculations it has been assumed 0oC inlet brine temperature to the evaporator, 10°C city water temperature, 60oC DHW temperature and 2 K difference between the supply temperature and the DHW temperature at the bottom of the primary vessel. Table 2.3 The relationship between the supply temperature from the condenser, the COP of the heat pump unit (Appendix B) and the relative need for supplementary heating for the DHW at 10oC city water temperature and 60oC DHW temperature. Supply COP Preheating from Supplementary Temperature [°C] Heat Pump [%] Heating [%] 35 4.6 45 55 45 3.7 65 35 55 2.9 85 15 Table 2.3 demonstrates that the larger the annual DHW heating demand, the higher the optimum supply temperature from the heat pump unit. In bivalent heating systems, electric immersion heaters mounted in the accumulator tank or the secondary vessel are commonly used peak load units. Other peak load units of current interest include separate electric heaters and existing gas/oil-fired boilers which are installed in the hydronic heating system as well as wood fired stoves, oil/kerosene/gas/- electric stoves and electric baseboard heaters. Utilization of a De-Superheater for Hot Water Heating Some residential brine-to-water and water-to-water heat pump units are equipped with a de-superheater, which utilizes the high temperature dis- charge gas from the compressor for heating of DHW. The heat exchanger is either a finned or smooth tube-coil which is an integral part of a single- shell DHW tank, or a plate heat exchanger, which is connected to a single- shell DHW tank by means of a closed water-loop. A small inverter controlled pump is required for the latter system in order to circulate the water through the water-loop. Figure 2.5 shows the principle of a resi- dential heat pump unit equipped with a de-superheater. 17PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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