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2 – Technological Status SH system Condenser DHW system Single-shell DHW tank City water Figure 2.5 Principle of a residential heat pump unit equipped with a de- superheater for DHW heating. The heating capacity of the de-superheater typically constitutes 15 to 20% of the total heating capacity of the heat pump unit. Since the temperature of the discharge gas for a residential brine-to-water or water-to-water heat pump unit is typically 30 to 40 K higher than the condensation tempe- rature, a DHW temperature of 60 to 70oC can be obtained even when the heat pump supplies heat to a low-temperature space heating system. The main drawback of this system design is that heat can only be supplied from the heat pump unit to the DHW system as long as the compressor is running, and the DHW production is therefore inevitably linked to the space heating demand of the house. Under design conditions, the com- pressor will be running continuously, and cover the entire DHW demand. With a decreasing heating demand, however, the thermal storage capacity of the accumulator tank will lead to rather long off-periods for the compressor and limited DHW heating. Consequently, in modern well- insulated houses with moderate space heating demands, a heat pump unit equipped with a de-superheater will cover less of the annual DHW heating demand than that of a heat pump unit where the condenser heat is used for preheating of DHW. Heat Pump System for Preheating and Reheating of DHW A more energy efficient but more complex alternative to the heat pump systems presented in Figures 2.4 and 2.5, is to use the condenser for pre- heating of the DHW and a de-superheater for reheating. The principle of a possible system design is presented Figure 2.6. Suction gas heat exchanger Evaporator De-super- heater Compressor 18PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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