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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis Reference is made to Appendix A, CO2 as a Working Fluid in Heat Pumps, regarding a presentation of important physical and thermophysical properties of CO2, main design parameters, compressor and heat exchanger performance for residential CO2 systems (literature review) and the effects of gas cooler (high-side) pressure control on system performance. 3.2 The CO2 Heat Pump Unit 3.2.1 Theoretical Reference Cycles 3.2.1.1 The Modified Lorentz Cycle For conventional heat pump cycles, where heat is absorbed and given off at practically constant temperatures, the reversed Carnot cycle is used as the theoretical reference cycle. However, for the transcritical CO2 cycle, where heat is given off at a gliding temperature, the modified Lorentz cycle is more suitable as the theoretical reference cycle (Klöcker, 1998). This cycle is characterized by the following changes of state: 1 – 2s 2s – 3 3 – 4s 4s – 1 Isentropic compression Isobaric heat rejection (gliding temperature) Isentropic expansion Isothermal heat absorption Figure 3.1 shows the principle of the modified Lorenz cycle in a Tempera- ture-entropy (T-s) diagram. 26 Figure 3.1 Illustration of the modified Lorenz cycle (Klöcker, 1998). Tm T0 3 constant s 4s 2s constant p constant s constant T 1 Specific Entropy [kJ/kgK] Temperature [K]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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