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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis Table 3.2 Presentation of important characteristics for the gas cooler configurations displayed in Figure 3.9. High temperature space heating possible (>60oC)? Production of 60 to 80oC DHW possible? Theoretical minimum for the CO2 outlet temp. No. of gas cooler units Thermal interaction between the GC 1) units? Control valve(s) for CO2 distribution required? Means of capacity control for the CO2 circuit(s) Means of temp. control for the secondary systems Technical complexity 1) Gas cooler (a) Parallel Yes Yes Minimum for Eq. 3.4 2 No Yes Compressor and valves Pumps, fans and valves Lower (b) Serial No Yes Return temp. SH system 2 Yes No/Yes Compressor Pumps, fans and valves Lower (c) Serial Yes No City water temperature 2 Yes No/Yes Compressor Pumps, fans and valves Lower (d) Serial No Yes City water temperature 3 Yes No/Yes Compressor Pumps, fans and valves Higher The different gas cooler configurations have distinct advantages and drawbacks regarding the temperature limits for space heating and DHW heating as well as the maximum attainable COP for the CO2 heat pump. ♦ Configuration a) enables simultaneous high-temperature space and DHW heating, but the COP will be lower than that of configurations c) and d). ♦ Configuration b) enables production of high-temperature DHW, but the COP will be lower than that of configurations c) and d). A low- temperature space heating system is also required. ♦ Configuration c) may lead to the same COP as configuration d), but it is incapable of producing high-temperature DHW. ♦ Configuration d) enables production of high-temperature DHW, and may lead to a high COP for the CO2 heat pump due to the serial connection of three gas cooler units. The configuration is only appli- cable together with a low-temperature space heating system. 37PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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