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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis The slope of the CO2 isobar (∂T/∂h)p in the T-h diagram is the inverse of the isobaric specific heat capacity of the CO2, whereas the slope of the process lines for preheating of DHW (A), low-temperature space heating (B) and reheating of DHW (C) are calculated as: (3.6) where m& CO2 and m& W are the mass flow rates for the CO2 and water, respec- tively, and cp is the average specific heat capacity of water at the actual temperature range. The heat rejection process in the tripartite gas cooler can alternatively be displayed in a temperature-heat (T-Q) diagram as illustrated in Figure 3.12 (ref. Appendix A2.4). In the example, the high-side pressure is 9.5 MPa, the supply/return temperatures for the space heating system are 40/35oC, and the inlet city water temperature and set-point temperature for the DHW system are 6.5oC and 70oC, respectively. ∂T ⎛m ⎞ 1 =⎜ &CO2 ⎟⋅ 110 90 70 50 30 10 -10 110 90 70 50 30 10 -10 ∂h m c ⎝&W⎠p A B C CO2 - 9.5 MPa (a-b-c-d) Preheating of DHW Low-temperature space heating Reheating of DHW c C a b d ∆TA A . QSH B . . QDHW-P QDHW-R 012345678 . Heat, Q (kW) Figure 3.12 Illustration of the heat rejection process for a tripartite gas cooler operating in the combined mode. The high-side pressure is 9.5 MPa. The main advantage of the T-Q diagram is that the heating capacities of the three gas cooler units, the evaporator capacity and the compressor power input can be read directly off from the abscissa. 40 Temperature, T (oC)PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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