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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis 110 90 70 50 30 10 -10 450 Figure 3.13 500 550 600 650 700 750 110 90 70 50 30 10 -10 800 850 A C CO2 - 10 MPa (a-b/c-d) Preheating of DHW Reheating of DHW d A c bC a Specific Enthalpy, h (kJ/kg) Illustration of the heat rejection process for a tripartite gas cooler operating in the hot water heating (DHW) mode. The high-side pressure is 10 MPa. The two gas cooler units for preheating and reheating of DHW will perform as a single unit since no heat is delivered to the space heating system. The high-side pressure must be higher than that of the combined mode in order to move the pinch-point to the CO2 outlet of the gas cooler, and with that obtain a small temperature approach. Reference is made to Appendix A2.4 and Nekså et al. (1998) for a further discussion on operational characteristics of CO2 heat pump water heaters. Space Heating only (SH Mode) The heat rejection process in the SH mode is illustrated in a T-h diagram in Figure 3.14. The high-side pressure is 8.5 MPa, and heat is given off to a low-temperature floor heating system at 35/30oC supply and return temperatures. Whereas the theoretical minimum CO2 outlet temperature from the tri- partite gas cooler in the combined mode and the DHW mode is the inlet water temperature for the DHW system, the CO2 outlet temperature in the SH mode is limited by the return temperature in the space heating system. A low-temperature floor heating system may achieve a minimum return temperature in the order of 28 to 30oC (ref. Section 2.3, Hydronic Heat Distribution Systems). 42 Temperature, T (oC)PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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