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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis T =(TC,in−TC,out) (3.11) n C,n ⎛T⎞ ln⎜ C,in ⎟ ⎝TC,out ⎠n The exergy loss for the expansion valve (EX) is calculated as: ∆E=m⋅T⋅(s −s) & EX & H 0 H,out H,in when the room temperature is denoted TR. (3.12) The exergy loss for the space heating system (SH) is calculated as follows, & & ⎡⎛TC −T0 ⎞ ⎛TR −T0 ⎞⎤ ∆ESH =QSH ⋅⎢⎜ T ⎟−⎜ T ⎟⎥ (3.13) ⎢⎝ C ⎠ ⎝ R ⎠⎥ ⎣⎦ The exergy loss for the DHW supply is regarded to be zero, since the DHW from the CO2 heat pump is pumped directly to the DHW tank and stored. Reference is made to Section 3.3.3, Exergy Losses in the DHW Storage Tank, for a description of the exergy losses in the DHW tank due to heat loss through the tank walls, mixing of hot and cold water during tapping and charging of the tank and conductive heat transfer inside the DHW tank. The exergy analysis can also be extended to include the electric power input to the circulation pumps for the heat source and heat distribution systems, and the power input to the peak load unit(s) if the heat pump system is designed as a bivalent heating system. With reference to Eq. (3.7), the total exergy balance for the integrated CO2 heat pump system is expressed as: ∑∆E =P −(E +E +E ) (3.14) tot tot Q−SH Q−DHW Q−HL &&&& where Ptot is the total power input to the compressor, pumps and peak load &&& unit(s), and EQ−SH , EQ−DHW and EQ−HL represent the exergy content in W for the space heating load, the DHW heating load and the heat loss from the compressor, respectively. The exergy balance is illustrated in Figure 3.16. 47PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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