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Figure 3.17 Principle of a single-shell DHW tank, where the CO2 gas cooler units A and C are an integral part of the tank. GAS COOLER (C) GAS COOLER (A) SINGLE- SHELL DHW TANK 3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis 3.3 The Hot Water System 3.3.1 Overall Design Criteria With reference to Section 2.4.2.2, Application of a DHW Storage Tank, modern domestic hot water (DHW) systems are equipped with unvented single-shell or double-shell storage tanks, which are designed to cover the momentary and daily DHW demand in the house. The storage tempe- ratures typically range from 60 to 85oC. When designing the DHW system for an integrated CO2 heat pump unit, the main goal is to attain a large temperature glide for the supercritical CO2 during heat rejection, and with that a low CO2 outlet temperature from the DHW preheating gas cooler. Since a double-shell DHW tank cannot utilise the thermodynamic benefit of two separate gas cooler units operating at different temperature levels, the DHW system should be equipped with a single-shell storage tank. In principle there are two ways of integrating the two gas cooler units and the storage tank: ♦ The gas cooler units are made an integral part of the storage tank, which means that the heat exchangers are designed as tube-coils and mounted inside the tank as shown in Figure 3.17. ♦ The gas cooler units are separated from the storage tank, and connected to the tank by means of a closed water loop. Although an integral design eliminates the need for a pump and a water loop, externally mounted counter-flow gas coolers will lead to a lower CO2 outlet temperature. This is the main reason why virtually all CO2 heat 49PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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