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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis pump water heaters that have been developed and tested in recent years have been using counter-flow gas coolers and a closed water loop (ref. Section 2.4.3.1, CO2 Heat Pump Water Heaters). Figure 3.18 shows how the gas cooler units for preheating and reheating of DHW should be connected to the single-shell storage tank. The other main components in the DHW system include a small inverter controlled pump for circulation of water through the DHW gas cooler units and an electric immersion element for backup heating. The start and stop sequences for the pump is activated by a temperature sensor at the bottom of the tank (TCW), whereas the set-point temperature for the DHW (TS) is controlled by adjusting the rpm of the pump and with that the water flow rate through the gas coolers. CO2 GAS COOLER (C) Space heating GAS COOLER (A) Figure 3.18 ... mGC TS GAS COOLER (B) PUMP mS+mGC TS . TS mS . TCW mCW DHW to the tapping site(s) (50 to 550C) TCW City water (5 to 200C) Principle of the tripartite CO2 gas cooler connected to an unvented single-shell DHW tank and city water supply. An integrated CO2 heat pump is designed to cover the entire DHW demand, and the total heating capacity of the two gas cooler units is expressed as: Q =m ⋅c⋅(T−T ) & GC−DHW & GC p S CW (3.16) Due to the considerable difference between the set-point (storage) tempe- rature for the DHW in the tank (TS) and the inlet city water temperature (TCW), the water flow rate though the gas cooler units (m& ) becomes quite GC small. Figure 3.19 shows the relationship between the total heating capa- city of the DHW gas cooler units, and the resulting water flow rate at different DHW temperatures. The inlet water temperature is 10oC. 50 TS 60 to 850C SINGLE- SHELL DHW TANKPDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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