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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis 3.3.4 Application of a Movable Insulating Plate Inside the DHW Tank One way to reduce the internal conductive heat transfer and to eliminate the mixing in cylindrical single-shell DHW tanks, is to separate the water volumes by means of a plate with low thermal conductivity. Since the contact surface between the hot and cold water is moving up and down during the tapping and charging periods, respectively, the plate has to be movable. The simplest method to ensure proper function of the plate at all operating conditions is to utilize the density difference between the hot and cold water. Figure 3.29 shows the density of pure water at 6 bar as a function of temperature. 1010 1000 990 980 970 960 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature [°C] Figure 3.29 The density of pure water at 6 bar (NIST, 2000). By employing an insulating plate which average density is lower than that of the cold city water (5 to 20oC) and higher than that of the DHW (60 to 85oC), the plate will always be located between the water reservoirs due to the hydrostatic force balance (Nozomi, 1986). The hydrostatic force balance of a submerged plate can be expressed as: p+(ρ1 ⋅g⋅H1)+ρIP ⋅g⋅(H2 +H3 )= p+ρ1 ⋅g⋅(H1 +H2 )+(ρ2 ⋅g⋅H3 ) (3.30) and ρIP =⎛⎜ρ1⋅H2+ρ2⋅H3⎞⎟ (3.31) ⎝H2+H3 ⎠ 62 Density [kg/m3]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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