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4 – Test Rig Design and Experimental Methods As described in Section 4.1.2.4, the purpose of the two solenoid valves was to direct the inlet water flow to either the gas cooler units for pre- heating or reheating of DHW, depending on the temperature level of the water. The hot water system was designed to be operated as a closed loop or as an open system. During closed loop operation (Auto mode), cold or tempered water from the bottom of the DHW tank was pumped through the gas cooler(s) by means of Pump3.1 and returned to the top of the tank. The needle valve ACV3.1 was used to control the mass flow rate, and with that the outlet hot water temperature. In open mode (Test mode), cold city water was circulated through the diffuser and the bottom of the DHW tank, heated in the gas cooler units and poured into a drain through a ball valve (BV3.7). It was not necessary to use the pump in open mode, since the hot water system was pressurized (5 bar). 4.1.3.3 The Space Heating System The space heating system, which was connected to the space heating gas cooler (B), comprised two circuits that could be operated together or as independent systems. Figure 4.20 shows the layout of the space heating system. Circuit 1 was a specially designed test circuit, which was equipped with an expansion tank, an inverter controlled pump (Pump4.1), a hand control valve (bypass – HCV4.1) and a cooling system. The latter system, which was used to cool the return water flow in the space heating system when- ever required, comprised a pump (Pump4.3), a hand control valve (HCV2.1) and a plate heat exchanger (PEH2.1) connected to the heat source system. Circuit 2 was connected to a 200 m2 state-of-the-art low-temperature floor heating system. The circuit was equipped with an inverter controlled pump (Pump4.2), an expansion tank, a 120 litre accumulator and a 12 kW electric back-up system. When operating the two circuits together, it was possible to increase the inlet water temperature to the gas cooler by adjusting the by-pass valve (HCV4.2) between the supply and return pipe- lines. 87PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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