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8 – Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Work 8 Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Work 8.1 Conclusions A number of conclusions can be drawn from the theoretical and experi- mental investigation of residential brine-to-water and water-to-water CO2 heat pump systems for combined space heating and hot water heating – so-called integrated CO2 heat pump systems. 8.1.1 The CO2 Heat Pump Unit ♦ Residential CO2 heat pump systems for combined space heating and hot water heating may achieve the same or higher seasonal perfor- mance factor (SPF) than the most energy efficient state-of-the-art brine-to-water heat pumps as long as: o The CO2 heat pump unit covers the entire DHW heating demand, and the annual heat delivered for DHW production is minimum 25 to 30% of the total annual heat delivered from the heat pump. o The CO2 heat pump unit is operated in the combined heating mode when there is a simultaneous space heating and DHW heating demand. o The return temperature in the hydronic space heating system is about 30oC or lower. o The city water temperature is about 10oC or lower. o The thermodynamic losses in the DHW storage tank are low, i.e. negligible mixing losses and minimum conductive heat transfer between the hot and cold water during tapping and charging. 229PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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