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Appendix A – CO2 as a Working Fluid in Heat Pumps 1000 800 600 400 200 0 8 to 12 MPa → 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Temperature [°C] 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.00 8 to 12 MPa → 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Temperature [°C] Figure A5 The dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of CO2 at supercritical pressures ranging from 8 to 12 MPa (RnLib, 2003). The peak values of the convective heat transfer coefficient occur at the pseudo-critical temperature, where the specific heat capacity reaches its maximum (ref. Figure A4). Figure A6 clearly demonstrates that a higher mass flux results in a higher heat transfer coefficient. 35 30 8 MPa 25 G=900 kg/m2s 20 15 10 5 9 MPa 10 MPa 12 MPa 0 10 30 50 70 90 110 Temperature [°C] 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 8 MPa G=1200 kg/m2s 9 MPa 10 MPa 12 MPa 0 10 30 50 70 90 110 Temperature [°C] Figure A6 The convective heat transfer coefficient for in-tube cooling of supercritical CO2 in an ID 6 mm round tube, calculated by means of the Gnielinski correlation (VDI, 1993). Table A5 presents some examples of measured convective heat transfer coefficients during in-tube cooling of pure supercritical CO2 in round tubes (RT) and microchannel tubes (MPE) for automotive and residential applications. A9 Heat Transfer Coeff. [kW/m2K] Density [kg/m3] Heat Transfer Coeff. [kW/m2K] Thermal Conductivity [W/mK]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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