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Appendix A – CO2 as a Working Fluid in Heat Pumps t = constant s = constant dp dh Specific Enthalpy [kJ/kg] dp q 32 dh Figure A12 Principle of a simplified differential method for finding the optimum high-side pressure for a transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle. A16 COP = wq 41 w Consequently, as a rough estimate, the optimum COP is found at the high- side pressure where the marginal increase in the specific outlet enthalpy in the gas cooler equals (εHP-1) times the marginal increase in the specific compressor work. In addition to the CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler, the most important parameters that determine the optimum high-side pressure in a transcritical process are (Skaugen, 2002): ♦ the evaporation temperature ♦ the superheating of the suction gas ♦ the volumetric and isentropic compressor efficiency The volumetric efficiency affects the mass flow rate, and with that the absolute compressor work and the heating capacity of the gas cooler. The other parameters have an impact on the specific compressor work and the inlet specific enthalpy for the gas cooler. Figure A13 shows the calculated COP of a transcritical CO2 heat pump as a function of the high-side pressure at -5oC evaporation temperature, 5 K suction gas superheat and 60% isentropic efficiency for the compressor (ref. Figure A10 and A11). Pressure [MPa]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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