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⎡n ⎛∂R ⎞2⎤0.5 δR=⎢∑⎜ ⋅δXi⎟ ⎥ ⎢i=1⎝∂Xi ⎠⎥ ⎣⎦ The relative uncertainty αR in the computed result is defined as: ⎛δR⎞ Appendix D – Uncertainty Analysis Appendix D Uncertainty Analysis of the Measurements for the Prototype CO2 Heat Pump Reference is made to Table 4.11 in Section 4.11, Instrumentation, regar- ding the uncertainties of the sensor/instruments that measured tempera- ture, CO2 pressure, CO2 mass flow rate, water volume flow rate and electric power for the prototype brine-to-water CO2 heat pump unit. D1 Principles of Uncertainty Analysis R represents a quantity which by means of an equation is computed from a set of measurements, where Xi to Xn represent independent variables. R = R(X1,X2,X3,...,Xn ) (D1) The absolute uncertainty δR in the computed result R, can be estimated by using a root-sum-square combination of the effects of the individual measurements (propagation analysis), and is defined as: (D2) δXi is the uncertainty in the variable Xi, and the partial derivative is the sensitivity coefficient for the result R with respect to the measurement Xi. Each term in the equation represents the contribution made by the uncer- tainty in one variable to the absolute uncertainty of the result (δR). The equation is valid as long as each of the measurements are independent, repeated observation of each measurement would display Gaussian distri- bution, and the uncertainty in each measurement is expressed with the same confidence level. αR=⎜ R ⎟⋅100% (D3) ⎝⎠ D1PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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