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282 R. M. Lazzarin Figure 24. GAX air to water absorption heat pump (doc. Robur). develops ammonia vapours from the solution. The vapours are rectified and then passed to the condenser (set on the right) with a useful thermal effect. Liquid ammonia evaporates in the air battery all around the machine, taking thermal energy from the outside air. The vapour is directed by the 6 way inversion valve (set just the condenser aside) toward the absorber generator (in the middle of the figure). Absorption produces a strong thermal effect in a wide temperature range owing to the strong concentration difference between rich and poor solution. This thermal effect lowers the energy supply the burner must provide. In fact the rich solution flows in the coil (the absorber inside where it is heated) before passing to the gen- erator (GAX cycle – Generator Absorber Heat Exchanger). Final refrigerant absorp- tion supplies a further thermal effect in the second absorber (the condenser aside). The ratio between the useful thermal effect and the LHV of the requested natural gas is of about 1.4, whereas the electric power for the solution pump and control panel is of 0.9 kW. One of the novelties of the machine is the 6 way inversion valve. It allows the machine to operate also as an air conditioner with a cooling capacity of 17 kW and a 0.67 COP. The air battery can also be easily defrosted, directing the refrigerant vapour from the generator directly to the battery instead of to the condenser when defrosting is demanded. The schematic of the water to water machine is represented in Fig. 25. This device can operate with cold source different from the outside air, like surface or ground Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article/2/3/262/758006 by guest on 21 June 2022 International Journal of Low Carbon Technologies 2/3PDF Image | Technological innovations in heat pump systems
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