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undertake construction of an additional closed run around loop style heat recovery system in the near future. There is enough waste heat available in the facility’s IT room, tissue storage room and exhaust fan ducts to displace the need for raw sea water heat source for most of the year. It is far less costly to operate a closed run around loop to gather source heat, than to lift sea water 40 feet vertically from the wet well and pump it across the basement. • Adequate freeze protection is required in the glycol source loop. When the units are attempting to heat up the boiler loop after a cooling period, or at start up, they will chill the source loop significantly. Glycol concentration must be high enough to prevent a freeze event inside the heat pump evaporator heat exchangers, or the heat exchangers will be damaged and compromised. Again making use of waste heat to warm the source loop will reduce the concentration of glycol needed to prevent freezing. • Delay time to add or subtract a heat pump must be generous to avoid over cycling. When a single heat pump is added by the control logic, it took about 30 minutes for this heat pump to lift the boiler loop to a stable temperature. Conversely, when a heat pump is turned off, it takes about 30 minutes for the boiler loop to cool to a stable temperature. Thus it is necessary to add and subtract heat pump units with enough time delay so that the boiler loop was not dramatically over and under shooting its target temperature. The larger the volume of the boiler loop, the less over cycling will occur as the loop will act as a buffer tank and reduce rapid temperature changes. • Leakage of refrigerant is far less common in CO2 units in comparison to R-134a units. Over the operating period of January 2016 thru June 2017, no leakage of CO2 was detected from the units installed under this project. During the same period of time several leaks occurred from the Trane RTWD units that totaled 156 lbs of refrigerant. Given that R-134a has greenhouse warming potential (GWP) that is 1400 times that of CO2, the CO2 units so far are the preferred choice in regards to refrigerant liability.5 Media Publications 5 Most likely due to the CO2 units manufactured to withstand 2,000 psi operating pressures not required of the Trane RTWD units, coupled with the much lower operating hours of the Co2 units. 8PDF Image | Trans-Critical CO2 Heat Pump System AEA Grant
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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