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Rapport 2414173 - October 2007 __________________________________________________________________ To avoid water freezing between the tank and the heat pump, the water temperature in the pipe connections is controlled via an outdoor temperature sensor. This sensor will activate heat pump operation if needed. In order to avoid water pipe freezing in very cold climate areas, a manufacturers has marketed an Ecocute version with a water-to-R744 heat exchanger (the gas cooler) located just below the water tank. This tank is then installed indoors, while the heat pump is installed outdoors. Since only hot R744 circulates in the pipes between the heat pump and the water tank, there is no risk of water freezing. In Europe, a 5 kW heat pump with features similar to that of the Ecocute unit is marketed by Stiebel Eltron. Annex 1 shows a brochure relevant to the "Compact series 5 kW" from this manufacturer and from CTC, a Sweden-based manufacturer which proposes similar heat pumps. Annex 1 also shows excerpts of Instruction Manuals from Ecocute manufacturers. Residential Ecocute units yield heating duties of the order of 4.5 kW. Japanese manufacturers claim to have produced a million Ecocute units up to year 2007 (cumulated). Some larger capacity R744 heat pumps are under development, targeting the commercial market. The simplest models use two small domestic Ecocute units in series for water and space heating (see example in Figure 11). Some Japanese manufacturers also market larger units aiming industrial and large residential applications (hotels, hospitals, cafeterias etc). Figure 12 shows an Itomic system installed on a building roof. It uses a large water capacity (6 times 500 l). Figure 13 shows the water and R744 circuits. Figure 12 : Large Ecocute systems from Itomic (www.itomic.co.jp) __________________________________________________________________________________________ SHERPHA PROJECT - Transcritical R744 Heat Pumps – Technician's Manual 21/63PDF Image | Transcritical R744 (CO2) Heat Pumps 2017
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