PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 018
2 1 Introduction 1.1.2 Heat Pump Challenges and Natural Refrigerants However, with the growing concerns for the environment, heat pump technologies are fac- ing new challenges, especially the choice and use of refrigerant. Refrigerant is the blood of a heat pump system which transfers heat from sources to sinks with phase changing. Since synthetic refrigerants (i.e. chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs]) were invented and used from the 1930s, this kind of new refrigerant was widely used and dominated the market for several decades later due to its non-toxic, non-flammable and high efficiency for the cor- responding cycles, while the situation changed in the 1970s when people started to notice that chlorine and bromine related compounds (CFCs, hydrochlorofluorocarbons [HCFCs]) caused ozone depletion, which was harmful to earth life [1]. One of the most remark- able phenomena is the existence of ozone holes (Figure 1.1 shows the area of the ozone hole in the southern hemisphere3). Hence, based on ozone layer protection, the Montreal Protocol (1987) [2] stated the schedule of phasing out of CFCs and HCFCs, thus the pro- duction and the use of such kind of refrigerants was restricted. The replacement refriger- ants (hydrofluorocarbons [HFCs]) that were proposed and popularized later, were regu- lated as well (Kyoto Protocol, 1997 [3]), because they emit strong greenhouse gases which can enhance global warming and cause related environmental issues (Figure 1.2 shows 30 27 24 O z 21 o n 18 e H 15 O l 12 e 9 e6 a 3 0 A r Million Sq Km Updated through Nov 19, 2016 2016 Southern Hemisphere Ozone Hole Area NOAA S-NPP OMPS Current Year Compared Against Past 10 Years August September October November December 2016 2015 2014 06-15 Mean 06-15 Max 06-15 Min The current trend of Southern Hemisphere Ozone Hole Area. Source: Referenced from NOAA National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center.3 3 Referenced from NOAA National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center, USA. https://www.cpc .ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/sbuv2to/ozone_hole.shtml. Figure 1.1PDF Image | What is a heat pump
PDF Search Title:
What is a heat pumpOriginal File Name Searched:
L-G-0016174002-0052376109.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)