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GLOBAL MONTHLY MEAN CO2 420 400 380 360 340 320 1980 1990 the content variation of CO2 in the atmosphere4). With the pressing need to satisfy the existing environmental laws and protocols, researching and using new refrigerants which cause no harm to the ozone layer and prevent global warming are current trends, especially for heat pump/refrigeration/air-conditioner manufacturers, refrigerant suppliers, environ- mental experts, thermodynamic researchers and governments. To address the environmental concerns, the use of natural refrigerants has grown in recent years. Natural refrigerants, rather than man-made, were widely used from the 1800s to the 1930s until the invention of synthetic refrigerants. With the development of design and manufacturing technology, the weaknesses of low-efficiency and lack of safety which troubled people in the early years were overcome gradually, so that together with the advan- tages of environmental friendliness, natural refrigerants are thus in renaissance now. 1.1.3 One of the Most Potential Natural Refrigerants – Carbon Dioxide (CO2) As one of the main natural refrigerants, carbon dioxide (CO2, R744) gains more attention nowadays due to its environmental friendliness. As for CO2 itself, it has a relatively low impact on climate change and no impact on ozone. Table 1.1 shows the properties of some common refrigerants, in which ODP (ozone depletion potential) is an index to reflect the impact of refrigerant on the ozone layer, and GWP (global warming potential) is to measure the potency of a greenhouse gas compared to CO2 over a certain period. It can be found that the ODP of CO2 is 0 which is the same as that of HFCs and the GWP of CO2 is about 0.01–0.7% to that of CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs, showing less impact on global warming with the same mass. Although CO2 is the major greenhouse gas leading to climate change due to its higher content in the atmosphere compared to other refrigerants, the substitution for 4 Referenced from Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division, USA. https:// www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_full.html#. 1.1 Background 3 2000 2010 2020 2030 YEAR The content variation of carbon dioxide in atmosphere (1980–2020). Source: Referenced from Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division.4 Figure 1.2 April 2020 PARTS PER MILLIONPDF Image | What is a heat pump
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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