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VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2022 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2022 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com ISSN 1819-6608 stability at a given temperature and the measurement results are shown in Figure 1. A total mass loss of about 38% was observed in several stages. First, a significant weight loss is monitored at 50-100 oC accompanied by an endothermic peak is attributed to solvent evaporation on the zeolite pores. The weight loss occurring approximately at 300-550 oC is about 23 wt% and accompanied by an exothermic peak which is contributed by crystalline water evaporation and decomposition of organic compounds [27], [28]. This weight loss may also be contributed by decomposition of cationic surfactant in materials [29]. Endothermic peaks are monitored at temperature range of 600-650 oC and 800-900 oC likely due to changes in crystalline structural transition and changes in isomorphic material which can cause structural damage of zeolite [30], [31]. The TGA/DSC measurement results indicated that the AT-NZ was thermally stable up to approximately 600 oC, therefore, calcination temperature was chosen at 500 oC. Figure-1. TGA/DSC curves of an alkali-treat natural zeolite. Figure-2. The N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm of natural and alkali-treat zeolites. Figure-2 shows the adsorption/desorption isotherm of N2 on NZ and A T -NZ. The N2 adsorption isotherm on NZ belonged to type III according to the classification of Brunauer-Deming-Teller, where the pores with weak adsorbent-adsorbate interactions and adapted molecules clustered around the most advantageous locations on non-porous or porous solid surfaces. While adsorption isotherm on AT-NZ belonged to type IV which the hysteresis loop was typical capillary condensation involving mesoporosity and limits uptake capacity over a range of high relative pressure [32]. The specific surface area, pore-volume, and pore size distribution of samples were estimated by the BJH and BET methods using N2 adsorption-desorption as shown in Table-1. 60PDF Image | ZEOLITE AND ACTIVATED CARBON FOR PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS
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