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−1 i d o o i o S 4 o Membranes 2021, 11, 575 5 of 29 where F is the Faraday constant (96,485 A ∙ s ∙ mol ), zLi is the lithium-ion valence (zL 1), JLi is the lithium-ion molar flux (mol ∙ m−2 ∙ s−1), and I is the electric current (A). The different concentration conditions used are presented in Table 3. The effects current densities (300, 700, and 1100 A∙m−2) were also studied. All tests were performe room temperature (20–22°C). The pH of the LiCl solution was measured before and af the experiment. Figure 1. Hittorf method experimental scheme for the determination of lithium ion transport number (CM: Cation ex- Figure 1. Hittorf method experimental scheme for the determination of lithium ion transport number change membrane). (CM: Cation exchange membrane). Once molar flux (JLi) was determined, the lithium ion transport number tLi was Table 3. Initial LiCl and LiOH concentrations in solution for lithium ion transport number determination. calculated according to Equation (3): Configuration LiCl (wt%) LiOH (wt%) 1 2 2.5 3 4 14 14 5.0 8.0 5 6 25 25 14 F·zLi·JLi14 tLi = I 0.5 (3) where F is the Faraday constant (96, 485 A·s·mol−1), zLi is the lithium-ion valence (zLi = 1), Electrolyte concentratio−n2se−le1ction corresponded to ranges established based on c JLi is the lithium-ion molar flux (mol·m ·s ), and I is the electric current (A). centrated lithium brine obtained from solar evaporation ponds used in productive p The different concentration conditions used are presented in Table 3. The effects of cesses at the Salar de Atacama, where a brine rich in lithium up to 5.5–6.0 wt% was current densities (300, 700, and 1100 A·m−2) were also studied. All tests were performed at the experiment. ◦ tained, equivalent to approximately 33.6–36.6 wt% LiCl. In this work, concentrated L room temperature (20–22 C). The pH of the LiCl solution was measured before and after solutions between 14 wt% and 34 wt% were considered. On the other hand, we perform experiments with a LiOH concentration range between 0.5 wt% and 8.0 wt%, coveri Table3.InitihaligLhiCelrancodnLciOenHtrcaotnicoenstrathtioanstihnososleutoiobntafoinrelidthiunmduiosntrtiralnlsypo(artpnpurmobxeimrdaeterlymi3n.a0tiwont.%)with reaching LiOH solution saturation concentration. Configuration 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.5 5.0 LiCl(w2.t4%.)LinearSweep14Voltammetr1y4(LSV) 14 14 25 25 LiOH (wt%) 0.5 2.5 5.0 8.0 0.5 5.0 In the characterization of bipolar membranes, the linear sweep voltammetry (L technique allows the determination of the degree of salt leakage that occurs through the Electroalnydteocfothnecelnimtriattaitoionnsseloefcwtioantecrodrirfefuspsiondteodwtaordrasnbgiepsoelasrtambleimshberdanbeasredacotinvecoint-erface [ centratedliItnhiuthmebcraisneofbtcaaintieodn-feroxmchsaonlgaeremvaepmobraratinoensp,oLnSdVscuasnedbienupsroedutcotidvetperomceinsseetshelimiti at the SalarcudrereAntadceanmsait,ywcahuesredabyritnhe rpiochlarinizalitihoinucmonucpentotra5t.i5o–n6.e0ffwectt%atwmaesmobrtainneesdu,rface. B equivalent ptoheanpopmroexnima atfefelyct3t3h.6e–e3f6fi.c6iewntc%y LofiCthl.eInelethcitsrowdoiarlky,sciosnpcreonctersast.ed LiCl solutions between 14 wt% and 34 wt% were considered. On the other hand, we performed experi- ments with a LiOH concentration range between 0.5 wt% and 8.0 wt%, covering higher concentrations than those obtained industrially (approximately 3.0 wt%) without reaching LiOH solution saturation concentration.PDF Image | Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production
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