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polar membranes was designed and constructed. The stack was constructed from PTFE, Membranes 2021, 11, 575 with an effective membrane area of 27.5 cm2 (55 mm × 50 mm). The design was a “filter press” type where membranes and separators could be configured according to different flow compartments (see Figure 3). The separators were made of EPDM, with a thickness of 1.6 mm. consisting of a HCl compartment, an anion-exchange membrane, a LiCl compartment, a cation-exchange membrane, and a LiOH compartment. These were stacked between two The electrodialysis stack’s repetitive unit corresponded to a three-compartment cell, bipolar membranes. In this way, the stack could be configured with several three-com- 2.5. Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis System partment cells, among which different electrolytes were distributed. The stack was fed 2.5.1. Stack Design and Construction with five flow streams corresponding to LiCl, LiOH, HCl, and two electrode solution 8 of 29 To perform experimental tests on LiOH production, an electrodialysis stack with streams. The main feed to the stack was the LiCl solution, from which lithium ions mi- bipolar membranes was designed and constructed. The stack was constructed from PTFE, grated into the LiOH solution and chloride2ions migrated into the HCl stream. As the withaneffectivemembraneareaof27.5cm (55mm×50mm).Thedesignwasa“filter electrode solution, 0.5 M Na2SO4 was used; its purpose was to provide conductivity in the press” type where membranes and separators could be configured according to different electrode compartment, and simultaneously prevent chlorine gas (Cl2) formation in the flow compartments (see Figure 3). The separators were made of EPDM, with a thickness of anode compartment. 1.6 mm. Figure 3. LiOH production by bipolar membrane electrodialysis; configuration of two three- Figure 3. LiOH production by bipolar membrane electrodialysis; configuration of two three-com- compartment cells. BP: Bipolar membrane, AM: Anion exchange membrane, CM: Cation exchange partment cells. BP: Bipolar membrane, AM: Anion exchange membrane, CM: Cation exchange membrane. membrane. The electrodialysis stack’s repetitive unit corresponded to a three-compartment cell, 2.5.2. LiOH Production Experimental Tests Using BMED consisting of a HCl compartment, an anion-exchange membrane, a LiCl compartment, To test the LiOH production range, six long-running tests were performed. The a cation-exchange membrane, and a LiOH compartment. These were stacked between system was configured in batch mode, recirculating different feed solutions and two bipolar membranes. In this way, the stack could be configured with several three- measuring concentration variation over time (see Figure 4). compartment cells, among which different electrolytes were distributed. The stack was Flow rate in each compartment was set between 1.0 and 1.5 cm∙s−1 using peristaltic fed with five flow streams corresponding to LiCl, LiOH, HCl, and two electrode solution pumps (Watson-Marlow 520SN/R2, Falmouth, UK), and a DC power supply (GW Instek streams. The main feed to the stack was the LiCl solution, from which lithium ions GPR-1810HD, New Taipei, Taiwan) was used to set the electric current. migrated into the LiOH solution and chloride ions migrated into the HCl stream. As the electrode solution, 0.5 M Na2SO4 was used; its purpose was to provide conductivity in the electrode compartment, and simultaneously prevent chlorine gas (Cl2) formation in the anode compartment. 2.5.2. LiOH Production Experimental Tests Using BMED To test the LiOH production range, six long-running tests were performed. The system was configured in batch mode, recirculating different feed solutions and measuring concentration variation over time (see Figure 4).PDF Image | Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)