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Figure 2. Direct extraction process flowchart – from article in business.gov.au The specific details of brine lithium mining projects, and the risks and implications of the spent brine disposal are addressed in the following sections. Recent experience in the management of spent brine tailings at projects in the lithium triangle is also presented. In a wide sense, the pre- sented concepts can be applied to a wide variety of brine projects, i.e. both conventional evapora- tion and direct extraction processes for lithium (Li), potassium (K), boron (Bo), sulphate (SO4-2) and others. 2 BRINE RESOURCES – DYNAMIC RESOURCE Economic concentrations of lithium-bearing brines occur in Salars (salt lakes) in select arid re- gions around the world. These brines account for over half of global lithium production in 2017 (USGS, 2017). Brines are unique amongst mineral deposits because the valuable elements are contained in a mobile environment, and the brine composition and grade have a temporal compo- nent, before and during extraction. Because each Salar can exhibit highly variable characteristics, there are no ‘rules of thumb’ for evaluating and classifying resources. The chemical and hydro- geological complexity of closed evaporite basins makes the exploration, evaluation, and reporting of Mineral Resources for lithium brines challenging. Lithium mining from highly enriched brines is significantly different to classic hard-rock min- ing, given the fluid nature of the resource host (i.e. the brine). Classic mining is exempt from issues related to the fluid nature of the resource host, with the resource in solution, such as the potential for lithium concentration variation across time. Given the nature of this type of project, brine resource and reserve estimation requires the ap- plication of specialised hydrogeological knowledge, i.e. hypersaline solution theories for ground- water dynamics modelling, and chemical processing engineering, i.e. brine processing for high- purity Li2CO3 extraction. In line with this, the hydrogeologist becomes the mining engineer, and the chemical engineer becomes the process mining engineer (Braun et al., 2016). Brine extraction for surface processing and recovery of potash, lithium and industrial salt re- quires the application of traditional hydrogeological theories of hypersaline solutions. Such brines present additional technical challenges in comparison to fresh water, due to the effects of density (e.g. 1.2 g/cm3), density-driven multi‐chemical composition flow on a large scale, and interaction between brines and fresh water over the course of the production period. Surface processing facilities require estimation of brine composition over time. Therefore, the hydrogeologist isPDF Image | Direct extraction lithium processes
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)