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DLE perceived advantages/disadvantages and Vulcan’s choice of method5 DLE method Sorption Ion Exchange Solvent Extraction Membranes Precipitants Material LiCL:3Al(OH)3n H2O Many form factors LiMnOx LiFePO4 Li2TiO3 Organic extraction in organic solvent MOFS, IX or LiCL:3Al(OH)3 in polymers AlCl3, H3PO4 Main advantages • Water is used to recover the lithium chloride – no reagents required • Global and multi-decade commercial precedent • No acid requirement means media may degrade slower • Highly selective for Li >90% extraction efficiency • Works well with heated brines • High capacity and therefore high concentration of Li in the strip solution. Contamination with impurities minimised • High concentrations of lithium can be produced in the strip. Continuous. • No contact between brine and extractant, fewer impurities and continuous • Selective Main disadvantages • Usually requires temperatures > 50oC • Relatively low capacities 1 to 4 g/l • Difficult to prevent contamination with the brine • Lower eluate LiCl concentration than IX, requires more reverse osmosis to recycle water • Needs large amounts of base and acid to work, increases OPEX • Some IX material are attacked during desorption. Degrade in acidic conditions • Organic solvents are challenging environmentally • Fire risk with high temperature brines • Expensive relative to other technologies, potentially larger CAPEX for first fill • In their technological infancy, fouling, lack of stability in geothermal brines. Needs pretreatment • Requires filtration, separations can be difficult Technology readiness level 9 (commercial operation on salar-type brines) 8 7 4 4 8 New methods under Main methods available for commercial operations developmentPDF Image | Direct Lithium Extraction
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)