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non-salar brines, because they carry so much more calcium, are clearly not accessible to the established chemistry. This paper presents an extremely “high-level” overview of the technology for extracting lithium from brines. Minor reagent costs, utility costs, fixed operating and maintenance costs etc., have been ignored. While it does uncover some differences between the established and the new chemistry and indicates that the new chemistry may well be amenable to brines tat the established chemistry cannot process economically, this paper is not meant to denigrate or endorse either the established or the emerging chemistry for lithium extraction from brine. References 1 Garrett, D.E. Handbook of lithium and natural calcium chloride. Their deposits, processing, uses and properties. Elsevier Academic Press, 2004. ISBN 0-12-276152-9. 2 Hocking, M., Kan, J., Young, P., Terry, C. and Begleiter, D. Deutsche Bank, Markets Research. Lithium 101, 9 May 2016. https://www.slideshare.net/Tehama/welcome-to-the-lithium-ion-age-lithium- 101-deutsche-bank-may-9-2016 3 Sato, Y., Qin, Y., Zheng, Z., Kobayashi, T. and Yamamura, T. Electrowinning of Metallic Lithium from Molten Salts. www.electrochem.org/dl/ma/201/pdfs/1468.pdf (accessed April 2018) 4 Boryta, D. Removal of Boron from Lithium Chloride Brine. US Patent 4,261,960, April 1981. 5 LithiumAmericas Ni 43-101 Technical Report. Reserve Estimation and Lithium Carbonate Production at the Cauchari-Olaroz Salars, Jujuy Province, Argentina, May 11, 2017. 6 ASX Media Release, Galaxy Resources, 12 April 2013. Sal de Vida Definitive Feasibility Study Supports Low Cost, Long Life Lithium and Potash Production. https://stream1.newswire.ca/media/2013/04/11/20130411_C4655_DOC_EN_25468.pdf (accessed April 1018) 7 Amouzegar et al. Process for the Purification of Lithium Carbonate. US Patent 6,048,507, April 11, 2000. 8 Lithium Americas. NI 43-101 Technical Report. Feasibility Study, Reserve Estimation and Lithium Carbonate and Potash Production at the Cauchari-Olaroz Salars, Jujuy Province, Argentina. July 11, 2012. 9 https://www.statista.com/statistics/606350/battery-grade-lithium-carbonate-price/ (2018-04-19) 10 Pure Energy Minerals. Ni 43-101 Technical Report. Clayton Valley Lithium Project, Esmerelda County, Nevada. August 8, 2017. 11 Lee, D.A., Taylor, W.L., McDowell, W. J. and Drury, J.S. Solvent Extraction of Lithium. Journal of Inorganic Nuclear Chemistry, 1968, Vol. 30, pp 2807-2821. Pergamon Press. 12 Chen, C.-W., Chen, P.-A, Wei, C.-J., Huang, H.-L., Jou, C.-J, Wei, Y.-L. and Wang, P. H. Lithium Recovery with LiTi2O4 ion-sieves. Marine Pollution Bulletin 124 (2017) 1106-1110 13 Tang, D., Zhou, D., Zhou, J., Zhang, P., Zhang, L. abd Xia, Y. Preparation of HTiO-lithium adsorbent using low-grade titanium slag. Hydrometallurgy 157 (2015) 90-96 14 Limjuco, L. A., Nisola, G. M., Lawagon, C. P., Lee, S.-P., Seo, J. G., Kim, H. and Chung, W.-J. H2TiO3 composite adsorbent foam for efficient and continuous recovery of Li+ from liquid resources. Colliods and Surfaces A: Physiochemica;l and Engineering Aspects, Volume 504, 5 September 2016, pages 267-279. Presented at the Critical Materials Symposium, EXTRACTION 2018, Ottawa, August 26-29PDF Image | Extraction of Lithium from Brine Chemistry
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