Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine

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Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine ( extraction-lithium-from-salt-lake-brine )

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Review 化学进展 表 3 中 性含磷萃取体系及其提锂性能 Table 3 Neutral phosphoric extraction systems and their performance of extracting lithium Extractant 20% tributyl phosphate (TBP) 50%~70% TBP 50% TBP dibutyl butanephosphonate (DBBP), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) 80%TBP 60%TBP 60%TBP TBP 60%TBP 60%TBP 2⁃heptanone / MIBK / acetophenone / DIBK TBP 25% TBP,25% N,N⁃di(2⁃ethylhexyl)⁃3⁃ butyloylacetamide Synergistic extractant FeCl3 FeCl3 FeCl3 FeCl3 FeCl3 FeCl3 FeCl3 ZnCl2 / CrCl3 FeCl3 and MgCl2 FeCl3 FeCl3 NaClO4 FeCl3 Diluent 80% diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) 30 % ~ 50 % kerosene 50 % kerosene kerosene 20 % 2 ⁃octanol 40% methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) Extraction behaviora ref ELi > 80% (7 stages) 48 SLi/Mg =1􀆰87×105 49 a D, distribution coefficient; S, extraction selectivity; E, extraction efficiency. 为稀释剂时,三种中性含磷萃取剂 TBP、DBBP 和 TOPO 对高镁锂比模拟卤水的萃锂效果,发现 TBP 对 Li + 有非常显著的萃取效果,而 DBBP 和 TOPO 的 萃锂能力较弱,但 Fe3 + 几乎完全被萃取,其原因可 能是 DBBP 和 TOPO 的萃取机理与 TBP 不同,DBBP 和 TOPO 分别具有 1 个和 3 个烷基,P 􀪅􀪅O 键极性较 强,萃取金属的能力也随之增强,使得 Fe3 + 并不是 以 FeCl4 - 络合阴离子的形式被萃取,而是直接以 FeCl3 的形式与相应萃取剂形成 FeCl3·nDBBP 和 FeCl3·nTOPO,被萃取到有机相。 Zhou 等[51] 报道了 TBP 搭配不同协萃剂和稀释 剂时的萃取效果,萃锂能力顺序为 FeCl3 > ZnCl2 > CrCl3 ,煤油 > 甲基异丁基酮( MIBK) > 2⁃辛醇,并发 现由于盐析效应,Mg2 + 、Ca2 + 、NH4 + 可增大 TBP/ FeCl3 /煤油体系的 Li+ 分配系数,MgCl2 浓度为 4 mol·L-1、Fe/Li 为 1􀆰9 时,Li+ 分配系数可达 11􀆰 38[52] 。 Zhou 等[53] 进一步比较了 FeCl3 为协萃 剂条件下,TBP 与二异丁酮(DIBK)、苯乙酮、MIBK、 2⁃庚酮四种酮类化合物在煤油中的萃锂效果,发现 TBP 的 Li + 分配系数最高,TBP 体积含量为 60% 时 可达 2􀆰 75,而其他 4 种酮类化合物的 Li + 分配系数 低于 0􀆰 6;若使用这 4 种酮类化合物替代煤油作为 稀释剂与 TBP / FeCl3 搭配,可进一步提高锂的分配 系数,表明极性稀释剂可提高锂与萃取剂的亲合能 力,从而有利于提高 Li + 的分配系数,该 4 种化合物 中以苯乙酮效果最佳,TBP 体积含量为 60% 时 Li + 的分配系数可达到4􀆰08。 ·8 02· 杨立新等[54] 采用 TBP 作为萃取剂、NaClO4 作 为协萃剂从高镁锂比模拟卤水中提取锂,Li+ 和 Mg2+的最高萃取率分别为65􀆰41%和13􀆰31%,Li+ / Mg2 + 分离系数达到 12􀆰 32,用水反萃,Li + 的反萃率 可达 81􀆰 52% ,萃取和反萃过程均在中性条件下进 行,相比 FeCl3 作协萃剂,条件更为温和。 上述有机膦类萃取剂中,TBP / FeCl3 / 煤油萃取 体系最接近工业化高镁锂比盐湖提锂应用,在对青 海大柴旦盐湖卤水、察尔汗盐湖卤水等进行的中试 放大实验中,Li + 收率可达 95% 以上,但长期运转时 TBP 在水中溶损严重、酸性反萃过程中易降解,特别 是 TBP 对萃取设备有较强的溶胀作用和腐蚀性,最 终未能工业化应用。 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所针 对 TBP 腐蚀性和易溶损的问题,提出了以等体积的 TBP 和 N,N⁃二(2⁃乙基己基)⁃3⁃丁酮乙酰胺为复合 萃取剂、磺化煤油为稀释剂的萃取体系[55] ,用于 MgCl2 饱和的盐湖卤水提锂,向萃取水相中添加 HCl、FeCl3·6H2 O,控制铁、锂的物质的量的比例为 1􀆰3∶1,Li+ 萃取率可达70%以上,Li+ /Mg2+ 分离系 数可达 200 以上,但目前尚无工业化应用报道。 今 后的相关研究中,在考察萃取体系的萃取容量和分 离性能之外,还应注重萃取体系溶损以及对设备腐 蚀等问题。 3􀆰 4 离子液体 离子液体是室温下完全由阴阳离子组成的液态 熔盐,热稳定性高、饱和蒸气压极低、几乎没有挥发 性,是一类新型绿色溶剂[56]。 离子液体结构上的多 Progress in Chemistry, 2017, 29(7): 796 ~808 40% kerosene 2⁃octanol / MIBK / 40% kerosene acetophenone kerosene / 50 % kerosene kerosene DLi=3􀆰87 DLi =3􀆰62 DLi < 0􀆰31 DLi =11􀆰37 DLi=4􀆰08 DLi<0􀆰60 DLi = 12􀆰 32, ELi DLi =1􀆰54,SLi/Mg =555, 55 ELi =75􀆰49% ELi > 97% (4 stages) DLi =3􀆰80 DLi < 0􀆰1 DLi=2􀆰87 50 50 = 65􀆰 41% 54 51 51 51 51 52 53 53

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

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