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Extraction of Lithium from Single-Crystalline Lithium

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Extraction of Lithium from Single-Crystalline Lithium ( extraction-lithium-from-single-crystalline-lithium )

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Transparent Methods Preparation of single-crystalline LMO nanotubes Spinel-type LMO nanotubes were prepared by β-MnO2 nanotube templates by a modified hydrothermal process. In this method, MnSO4·H2O (40 mmol) and PVP (45 mmol, K30) were dissolved in deionized water (100 mL). Then, 40 mL NaClO3 (1 M) solution was added to the above solution under continuous stirring. The mixed solution was transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated at 180°C for 10 h. The black precipitate was filtered and washed with deionized water and ethanol, and subsequently dried in a vacuum oven. The as-prepared β-MnO2 was mixed with LiOH·H2O at a molar ratio of 1.9:1.1 (with an extra ~5% LiOH·H2O) and dispersed into 10 mL methanol to form a homogenous slurry, and then dried at the room temperature overnight. The mixture was calcined in a range of 500-700 °C for 10 h to obtain spinel LMO nanotubes. Characterization of Materials The crystallographic structure was studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, operated on a powder diffractometer (NicoletI2, monochromatized CuK-α radiation). The obtained patterns were refined by the TOPAS program using the Rietveld method, with ICSD crystallographic information as references for the refinements(Majzoub and Rönnebro, 2012). The BET specific surface area and pore size distribution were acquired using the nitrogen adsorption/desorption method by Quantachrome Autosorb-1 equipment. The microstructure was investigated by Hitachi SU5000 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FEI Tecnai Osiris Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The concentration of metal ions in the solution was determined by an inductively coupled

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