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of elements such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and boron. The largest of Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 1383 these salt lakes is the Salar de Uyuni, with an area of about 9600 km2 and an elevation of approximately 3600 m, at the southwestern corner of Bolivia (Figure 2). The Salar de Uyuni is extremely flat, with altitude variations of less than a meter, such that it is the reference test site to calibrate altimetric satellite missions [23,24]. The surrounding water- 2 4 of 22 shed covers an area of approximately 55,000 km , rising to elevations of 6550 m ASL. Lith- ium “mining” at the Salar de Uyuni is operated by the Bolivian state lithium concern, Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos (YLB), which reports a resource estimate of 21 million to2n.nMesataenrdiaalsnannudalMpreotdhuodctsion of lithium carbonate of 250 tonnes in 2020 [25]. 2.1.STiexstgSeoit-eenvironmental criteria or processes are required for salar formation (Figure 3) [4]. Firstly, there need to be lithium-bearing source rocks in the catchment for the basin: Salars are essentially inland salt flats that form in arid conditions, and notable examples southwest Bolivia is dominated by Cenozoic volcanics, including lithium-enriched lithol- are those that are found in the Lithium Triangle in the central Andes of Bolivia, Chile, and ogies. Secondly, there needs to be a closed drainage basin: the Bolivian Altiplano is Argentina. They are created by the natural weathering of rocks with elevated levels of flanked by high mountain ranges, the Eastern and the Western Cordillera (Figure 2). elements such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and boron. The largest of Thirdly, the climate needs to be arid: in southwest Bolivia, evaporation exceeds precipita- these salt lakes is the Salar de Uyuni, with an area of about 9600 km2 and an elevation of tion by about 500 mm. Fourthly, there needs to be accumulation space as the basins grow approximately 3600 m, at the southwestern corner of Bolivia (Figure 2). The Salar de Uyuni and the sediments are deposited: regional tectonics ensures that this is the case. Fifthly, is extremely flat, with altitude variations of less than a meter, such that it is the reference there need to be sediments to fill these basins: thick sand and gravels provide both a host test site to calibrate altimetric satellite missions [23,24]. The surrounding watershed covers 2 to the brines and also contribute to their formation. Finally, these conditions need to per- an area of approximately 55,000 km , rising to elevations of 6550 m ASL. Lithium “mining” siast ftohresSuaflfaicriednetUtimyuen(ithisouopsaenradtsetdobmyiltlhioenBsolfivyieaanrs)tatotealiltohwiutmhecaocnccuemrnu,laYtaiocinmainedntcoosnd-e ceLnitiroatBeotlhiveibarnionses(,YaLnBd),thwishicshvererpyomrtuscahrtehseoucarsce aelsstoimgaivtenofth2a1tminilBliolnivtioantnhesreanardeamnonrueal thparnod4u0cstaiolanrso.f lithium carbonate of 250 tonnes in 2020 [25]. FiFgiugruere2.2L.oLcoactaitoinon(a(a))aannddeexxtteenssiionoftheareaofiintterresstt((AooI)I)oovveerrththeeSaSlalradredeUUyuynuininiiBnoBliovliavi(ab). (b). Basemap images copyright © 1995–2020 Esri. Basemap images copyright © 1995–2020 Esri. Six geo-environmental criteria or processes are required for salar formation (Figure 3) [4]. Firstly, there need to be lithium-bearing source rocks in the catchment for the basin: southwest Bolivia is dominated by Cenozoic volcanics, including lithium- enriched lithologies. Secondly, there needs to be a closed drainage basin: the Bolivian Altiplano is flanked by high mountain ranges, the Eastern and the Western Cordillera (Figure 2). Thirdly, the climate needs to be arid: in southwest Bolivia, evaporation exceeds precipitation by about 500 mm. Fourthly, there needs to be accumulation space as the basins grow and the sediments are deposited: regional tectonics ensures that this is the case. Fifthly, there need to be sediments to fill these basins: thick sand and gravels provide both a host to the brines and also contribute to their formation. Finally, these conditions need to persist for sufficient time (thousands to millions of years) to allow the accumulation and concentrate the brines, and this is very much the case also given that in Bolivia there are more than 40 salars.PDF Image | Lithium Brine Deposit Formation
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)