PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 004
Minerals 2017, 7, 57 4 of 12 Table 1. Lithium concentration and the magnesium-lithium ratio of the Qarhan Salt Lake. Lake Name Huobuxun Huobuxun (N) Huobuxun (S) Tuanjie Xiezuo Qarhan Dabuxun Dabuxun Bieletan Bieletan Xiao Biele Da Biele Senie Water Type pH Interstitial brine 6.70 Surface brine - Surface brine 6.70 Surface brine 5.40 Surface brine 5.50 Interstitial brine 7.00 Surface brine 5.32 Interstitial brine 6.70 Interstitial brine 6.50 Subsurface brine - Surface brine 6.2 386.9 Surface brine 7.0 362.9 Surface brine 7.1 332.3 Mg2+ (g/L) 21.19 7.74 19.71 98.69 64.69 28.67 118.69 46.54 64.15 9.76–109.7 81.57 30.99 18.12 Li+ (mg/L) 10.3 88.4 19.6 59.0 28.6 15.6 88.4 26.0 124.0 90.0–1225.0 66.3 37.0 191.0 [Mg2+]/[Li+] 2057.76 87.55 1004.08 1672.71 226.18 1837.63 1342.65 1789.96 517.34 100–200 1230.34 837.57 94.87 Salinity (g/L) 311.2 306.8 346.1 425.3 358.5 321.1 307.2–470.2 331.8 358.0 289.0–470.1 Data source: Reference [18]. The average lithium concentration in the Bieletan region was 594 mg/L and the maximum value even could reach 1.225 g/L, which was almost comparable to the East TaiJanier area. Thus, the Bieletan could also be a region with the highest lithium concentration in the whole Qaidam basin. In the Dabuxun region, the average lithium concentration of interstitial brine was 26.0 mg/L, while it was 88.4 mg/L in the surface brine. This could be because lithium is highly soluble and did not readily produce evaporate minerals when concentrated by evaporation. Lithium would rather stay in residual brines in the surface or shallow subsurface. The lithium concentration of the Huobuxun region was the lowest in the whole Qarhan Salt Lake (only 10.3 mg/L) and its brine magnesium-lithium ratio was more than 2000, too high to recover lithium [10,19]. Since the brine of the Qarhan Salt Lake belongs to the magnesium sulfate subtype, it usually contains high magnesium as shown in Table 1. According to the boundary grade of industrial development, the concentration of lithium in brine should be approximately 25 mg/L. Thus, the brine collected from west of the Qarhan region (such as in the Bieletan and Dabuxun regions) has the potential for lithium exploitation. 3.2. Distribution of Lithium during the Evaporation Process at Salt Ponds Figure 2 shows lithium distribution during brine evaporation process in both the simulation experiment and field sampling from different salt ponds. As brine concentrating lithium in aqueous phase was enrichened, the average concentration of lithium could reach a level of 500 mg/L. In residual brine, this was more than double the concentration in the original brine. The simulation experiments showed that the vast majority of lithium was retained in the aqueous phase and there was a positive correlation between lithium concentrations with brine enrichment degree. Lithium content in solid phase had no evident change (p > 0.05) during the brine concentration process until bischofite was precipitated. Although brine was more concentrated by natural evaporation, lithium did not saturated or form its own minerals until brine flowed into the residual brine pond. Even the highest mass percent of lithium in solid phase was less than 0.004% and could be ignored. Thus, the solid phase containing lithium mainly was the result of parent brine entrainment. When bischofite began to precipitate, lithium content in the solid phase increased slightly because the lithium isomorphically substitutes magnesium in bischofite. Additionally, the solid identification results shown in Table 2 also confirm that lithium salt was unformed during the whole evaporation process.PDF Image | Lithium during Brine Evaporation and KCl Production Plants
PDF Search Title:
Lithium during Brine Evaporation and KCl Production PlantsOriginal File Name Searched:
minerals-07-00057-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)