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Minerals 2017, 7, 57 7 of 12 ln γX = ZX2 F NA + ∑ mc(2BcX + ZCcX) ic =1 NANA Nc−1NA + ∑ mA 2ΦXA+ ∑ mcψXcA + ∑ ∑ mcmc′ψcc′M (3) (4) iA=1 ic=1 + |ZX| ∑ ∑ mcmACcA + ∑ mN(2λNX) + ∑ ∑ ic=1 ic′ =ic+1 +∑∑mm′Φ′ Nc NA NN ic=1iA=1 iN=1 Nc NA ln γN = ∑ mc(2λAc) + ∑ mA(2λNA) ic=1 iA=1 In the above formulas: I for ion strength, Aφ for Debye-Hükel coefficient. M, c, and c’ for cations, X, A, and A’ for anions, mc for molality of cation, Zc for charge number of cation, and Nc for the species number of cations. The anions A and neutral molecule N can be defined in same manner. The functions of F, C, Z, Aφ, ψ, Φ, Bφ, and B was defined as follows: 1 φ I12 2ln1+1.2I2 NcNA ′ F = −A 1 + 1.2 + ∑ ∑ mcmAB cA 1+1.2I 2 ic=1 iA=1 NcNc ′NANA ′ (5) (6) (7) MX C M X = 2 | Z M Z X | 12 Z = ∑|Zi|Mi i iA=1 iA=iA+1 Cφ A A ic=1 jc′ =ic+1 mcmc′ Φ cc′ AA Bφ cA = β(0) + β(1)exp−α1 I 21 + β(2)exp−α2 I 21 (8) cA cA cA (0) (1) 1 BcA = βcA +βcAg α1I2 (2) 1 +βcAg α2I2 (9) ′ (1) ′ 1 (2) ′ 1 BcA = βcA g α1I2 +βcA g α2I2 /I (10) g(x) = 2[1 − (1 + x) exp(−x)]/x2 ′ x2 2 (11) g (x) = −2 1− 1+x+ 2 exp(−x) /x (12) α1 = 2.0 kg1/2 mol−1/2 and α2 = 0 for the electrolyte solution which contains at least one monovalent ion; α1 = 1.4 kg1/2 mol−1/2 and α2 = 12 kg1/2 mol−1/2 for the electrolyte solution in which anions and cations were both divalent. ΦΦ=θ +E +IE′ (13) ij ij θij Φij = φij + Eθij ′ Φij = E ′ θij θij If the suitable Pitzer parameters were available, then the osmotic coefficient and the ionic activity coefficient for each species in the system of high concentration mixed electrolyte solution could be calculated by the H-W equation. Song and Yan [23] presented the mixing Pitzer parameters for lithium brine system in 2003. Thus, the procedures was to find the proper thermodynamic parameters of the (14) (15)PDF Image | Lithium during Brine Evaporation and KCl Production Plants
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)