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List of Figures Figure 1. Schematic representation of direct lithium extraction processes (image courtesy of Jade Cove Partners)................................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 2. Lithium concentrations in geothermal fluids of the western United States..................... 5 Figure 3. Lithium extraction process of Schultze and Bauer (1984) .............................................. 8 Figure 4. Simple schematic of power generation process at Salton Sea....................................... 15 Figure 5. Detailed process steps for production of lithium with ILiAD technology .................... 17 Figure 6. Details of the continuous countercurrent adsorption and desorption process ............... 17 Figure 7. Lithium selectivity based on pilot testing of ILiAD technology ................................... 18 Figure A-1. Schematic representation of the lithium extraction process proposed by Renew and Hansen (2017)............................................................................................................................... 33 Figure A-2. Vulcan Energy Resources’ proposed hybrid geothermal and lithium extraction project ........................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure A-3. Schematic representation of Standard Lithium’s lithium extraction process............ 35 Figure A-4. Schematic representation and process flow chart of E3 Metal Corp.’s lithium extraction process.......................................................................................................................... 36 Figure A-5. Schematic diagram of Anson’s proposed bromine and lithium extraction process .. 37 Figure A-6. Lithium recovery flowsheet for Pure Energy Minerals’ Clayton Valley project...... 38 Figure A-7. Schematic representation of Lake Resources proposed ion-exchange process to extract lithium from salar brine..................................................................................................... 39 List of Tables Table 1. Composition of Select Production Fluids from the Salton Sea KGRA ............................ 6 Table 2. Lithium Species Conversion Factors .............................................................................. 10 Table 3. Summary of DLE Project Economics............................................................................. 12 Table 4. Standard Lithium’s Estimated Annual OPEX in U.S. Dollars for the Smackover Evaporite Brine DLE Project ........................................................................................................ 13 Table 5. E3 Metal Corp’s Estimated OPEX in Canadian Dollars for the Clearwater Oilfield Brine DLE Project .................................................................................................................................. 13 Table 6. Anson Resources’ Estimated Annual OPEX for the Paradox Basin DLE Project ......... 14 Table 7. Lake Resources’ Estimated Annual and Specific OPEX for the Kachi DLE Project .... 14 Table 8. Techniques for Extraction of Lithium from Brines That Show the Breadth of Recent Research Efforts............................................................................................................................ 20 Table A-1. Chemical Analyses of Fluids from Lithium Extraction Pilot Tests at Elmore and Featherstone Geothermal Power Plants, Salton Sea KGRA......................................................... 31 viii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.PDF Image | Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)