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(Na2CO3) to produce lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) or further processed to produce lithium hydroxide (LiOH·H2O). Though operators work to refine their processes, evaporative brine processing typically only recovers ~50% of the original lithium content of the native brine. According to S&P Global Market Intelligence (2019), production costs across 9 brine operations average $5,580/mt LCE. 2.2 HardrockMining The most valuable hardrock mines are dominated by granite pegmatites that contain the lithium- bearing mineral spodumene with a theoretical Li2O content of 8 wt. %. A typical run of mine ore contains 1%–2% Li2O (~20% spodumene), and after processing, a typical lithium concentrate ready for Li2CO3 production contains 6%–7% Li2O (~80% spodumene). Ore processing involves the crushing of mined ore, Li-mineral concentration via floatation, roasting at ~1,050°C, and treatment with sulfuric acid and a second roasting at ~200°C to produce a lithium concentrate. The lithium concentrate is processed into Li2CO3 or LiOH·H2O via multi-step processes involving leaching, liquid-solid separation, and impurity removal via precipitation and ion exchange. According to S&P Global Market Intelligence (2019), production costs across 11 hardrock mining operations averaged $2,540/mt LCE. However, this is the cost to produce mining concentrate that must be converted to end-use products like lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide. Conversion to these battery-grade forms can cost $2,000–2,500/mt of mined concentrate depending on the lithium concentration and bulk chemistry. 2.3 OtherMethodsofLithiumExtraction A variety of strategies to extract lithium from brines have been investigated, including precipitation, adsorption, solvent, ionic liquid, membrane, electrochemical, and chromatographic techniques, see Figure 1 (Flexer et al. 2018; Ling et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2019; Schmidt et al. 2019; Zhao et al. 2019; Stringfellow and Dobson 2021). Figure 1. Schematic representation of direct lithium extraction processes (image courtesy of Jade Cove Partners) 3 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.PDF Image | Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |