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Lithium Extraction from Hybrid Geothermal Power

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Stringfellow and Dobson Ball, D. L. and Boateng, D. A. D.: Method for the recovery of lithium from solutions by electrodialysis, Cominco Ltd., US Patent 4,636,295, 1987. Bartsch, R. A., Czech, B. P., Kang, S. I., Stewart, L. E., Walkowiak, W., Charewicz, W. A., Heo, G. S., and Son, B.: High lithium selectivity in competitive alkali-metal solvent-extraction by lipophilic crown carboxylic-acids, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 107, 4997-4998, 1985. Bauman, W. C. and Burba, J. L.: Recovery of lithium values from brines, FMC Corporation, US Patent 5,599,516, 1997. Bell, T.: https://www.thoughtco.com/lithium-production-2340123, last access: December 2020. Belova, T. P.: Experimental Studies in the Sorptive Extraction of Boron and Lithium from Thermal Waters, Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 11, 136-142, 2017. Belova, T. P.: The Analysis of Sorption Extraction of Boron and Lithium from the Geothermal Heat Carriers, Proceedings World Geothermal Conference 2010, Bali, Indonesia, April 25-29 2010, 2010. Berthold, C. E., Hadzeriga, P., Christopher, D. H., Applegate, T. A., and Gillespie, D. M.: Process technology for recovering geothermal brine minerals, Hazen Research Inc., Golden, CO, US Bureau of Mines Open File Report 35-75, 1975. Besseling, E.: Lithium recovery from Geothermal Brine. Berkshire Hathaway Energy Renewables Presentation, Geothermal Grant and Loan Program Workshops and Discussions, California Energy Commission, Docket Number 17-GRDA-01, TN# 225903, 2018. Besserguenev, A., Fogg, A., Francis, R., Price, S., O'hare, D., Isupov, V., and Tolochko, B.: Synthesis and Structure of the Gibbsite Intercalation Compounds [LiAl2 (OH) 6] X (X= Cl, Br, NO3) and [LiAl2 (OH) 6] Cl-H2O Using Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction, Chemistry of Materials, 9, 241-247, 1997. Bi, Q., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., and Tao, Z.: Study on the recovery of lithium from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brine by nanofiltration, Water Science Technology, 70, 1690-1694, 2014. Blake, R. L.: Extracting minerals from geothermal brines: A literature study, Twin Cities Metallurgy Research Center, Twin Cities, Minn., US Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8638, 1974. Bloomburg: https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/1999-09-13/calenergy-signs-agreement-to-sell-zinc, 1999. Bloomquist, G. R. and Povarov, K. O.: Mineral Extraction Result Studies of World Bank, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 32, 375-378, 2008. Boukraa, Y.: Extraction of Cobalt and Lithium from Sulfate Solution Using Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid/Kerosene Mixed Extractant, Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 94, 1136-1142, 2020. Bourcier, W. L., Lin, M., and Nix, G.: Recovery of Minerals and Metals from Geothermal Fluids, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCRL-CONF-215135, 2005. Bourcier, W., Bruton, C., Roberts, S., Viani, B., Conley, S. and Martin, S.: Co-Production of Silica from Geothermal Fluids. California Energy Commission, PIER Renewables Research Technologies Program. CEC-500-2009-077., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 2009. Bradley, D. C., Stillings, L. L., Jaskula, B. W., Munk, L., and McCauley, A. D.: Lithium, Chapter K of Critical Mineral Resources of the United States Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802 K, 2017. Brown, K.: Thermodynamics and kinetics of silica scaling, Proceedings International Workshop on Mineral Scaling, Manila, Philippines, 25-27 May 2011 Brown, P. M. and Boryta, D. A.: Process for solar concentration of lithium chloride brine, Foote Mineral Company, US Patent 4,243,392, 1981. Brown, P. M. and Boryta, D. A.: Production of low boron lithium carbonate from lithium-containing brine, Cyprus Foote Mineral Company, US Patent 5,219,550, 1993. Brown, P. M., Jacob, S. R., and Boryta, D. A.: Production of highly pure lithium chloride from impure brines, Foote Mineral Company, US Patent 4,271,131 1981. Bunani, S., Yoshizuka, K., Nishihama, S., Arda, M., and Kabay, N.: Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for simultaneous separation and recovery of boron and lithium from aqueous solutions, Desalination, 424, 37-44, 2017. Burba, J. L., Stewart, R. F., Viani, B. E., Harrison, S., Vogdes, C. E., and Lahlouh, J. G. S.: Improved sorbent for lithium extraction, SIMBOL, INC., WO 2015/171109 A1, 2015. Burba, J. L., Stewart, R. F., Viani, B. E., Harrison, S., Vogdes, C. E., and Lahlouh, J. G. S.: Sorbent for lithium extraction (Patent 8,753,594), Simbol Inc., US Patent 8,753,594, 2014. Burba, J. L.: Regeneration of crystalline lithium aluminates, The Dow Chemical Company, US Patent 4,472,3162, 1984. 12

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.

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