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The adsorption method has been considered as one of the most convenient technol- Membranes 2022, 12, 373 ogies for lithium recovery from aqueous resources and is especially suitable for lithium recovery from salt lake brines with a high Mg/Li ratio and seawater brines with complex compositions [33]. Adsorption differs from the ion exchange process, and lithium ions are separated selectively from aqueous solutions through physical or chemical adsorption in- teractions. A flow chart for the lithium extraction via a typical adsorption process is dis- played in Figure 6. Figure 6. Process flow chart of lithium extraction by adsorption. Figure 6. Process flow chart of lithium extraction by adsorption. Lithium Ion-Sieve (LIS) Method adsorption technology for lithium recovery from aqueous solution [67]. The lithium ion- ery from solutions containing different ions and thus has been regarded as the most prom- sieve process can be described as the “LIS effect” [68]. In short, when the LIS adsorbent ising adsorption technology for lithium recovery from aqueous solution [67]. The lithium LithiTuhme Iloitnh-iSuimevieon(L-sIiSe)vMe (eLthISo)dmethod provides an effective approach to lithium recovery from solutions containing different ions and thus has been regarded as the most promising The lithium ion-sieve (LIS) method provides an effective approach to lithium recov- is placed in aqueous solutions, lithium ions are adsorbed prior to undergoing stripping ion-sieve process can be described as the ‘‘LIS effect’’ [68]. In short, when the LIS adsor- 8 of 29 from the adsorbent through a Li-H ion exchange process. Thus, leading to the exchange of bent is placed in aqueous solutions, lithium ions are adsorbed prior to undergoing strip- Li+ with H+ inside the LIS structure. As lithium-ion has the smallest ionic radius among ping from the adsorbent through a Li-H ion exchange process. Thus, leading to the ex- all metal ions, only lithium-ion itself can re-enter these sites. Therefore, LIS is placed in change of Li+ with H+ inside the LIS structure. As lithium-ion has the smallest ionic radius solutions containing different metal ions and highly efficient selective adsorption of lithium among all metal ions, only lithium-ion itself can re-enter these sites. Therefore, LIS is ions occurs. placed in solutions containing different metal ions and highly efficient selective adsorp- tion of lithium ions occurs. Lithium Ion-Sieve Adsorbents (LISs) Lithium ion-sieve adsorbents (LISs) refer to lithium selective adsorbents with unique Lithium Ion-Sieve Adsorbents (LISs) chemical structures and properties which are capable of separating lithium effectively from Lithium ion-sieve adsorbents (LISs) refer to lithium selective adsorbents with unique briny aqueous resources [33]. They have the advantages of high lithium uptake capac- chemical structures and properties which are capable of separating lithium effectively ity, excellent lithium selectivity, satisfactory recycle performance and an environmentally from briny aqueous resources [33]. They have the advantages of high lithium uptake ca- friendly lithium adsorption/desorption process. The existing LISs can be classified into pacity, excellent lithium selectivity, satisfactory recycle performance and an environmen- two major types according to chemical elements: (i) the lithium manganese oxides-type tally friendly lithium adsorption/desorption process. The existing LISs can be classified (LMO-type) [68] and (ii) the lithium titanium oxides-type (LTO-type) [69]. Spinel LMO-type into two major types according to chemical elements: (i) the lithium manganese oxides- is the major type of lithium-ion sieve, and its lithium extraction follows a redox mecha- type (LMO-type) [68] and (ii) the lithium titanium oxides-type (LTO-type) [69]. Spinel nism [70], ion exchange mechanism [71] or a combination of both. It has been well studied LMO-type is the major type of lithium-ion sieve, and its lithium extraction follows a redox that the LMO-type LISs showed high lithium adsorption capacities, outstanding lithium smelechtiavnitiysman[d70e]x,cieolnleenxtcrheganengermatieocnhapneirsfmorm[7a1n]coer, altchoomubgihntahtieornegoefnbeortahti.oInt hparoscbeesesncowueldll be expensive. However, the dissolution of Mn2+ during the regeneration process with acid degrades the ion exchange capacity and results in poor cycling stability and serious water pollution issues. This key issue seriously limits LMO-type LISs potential for upscaling. Therefore, the cost-effective, environmentally friendly and simple regeneration of spinel LMOs have been highly desirable [72]. Comparatively, the LTO-type LISs are environmentally friendly as the titanium com- pounds can be easily removed from an aqueous solution [33]. In addition, the LTO-type LISs have higher molecular stability due to the large titanium-oxygen bond energy. How- ever, the large-scale industrial application of LTO-type LISs in lithium extraction fromPDF Image | Lithium Harvesting using Membranes
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)