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International Seminar on Mineral and Coal Technology IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 882 (2021) 012003 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012003 this lithium is stored in salt lake brine, geothermal brine, seawater, and solid lithium contained in lithium ore [5]. Geothermal brine is one of the lithium resources which has considerable potential. Geothermal brine is saltwater from within the earth and contains many minerals because it flows between the rocks in the earth. Geothermal fluids contain various minerals due to contact between hot fluids and rocks [6]. Even though seawater is the largest producer of lithium, the concentration in seawater is still very small, namely 0.1-0.2 ppm. Meanwhile, from a technological point of view, geothermal brine has the most significant potential, with a concentration of 10-15 ppm [7]. The geothermal water has great potential to be a source of clean energy and lithium in the future [8]. Geothermal fluids carry lithium in minerals as it reaches the earth's surface. One of the studies using geothermal brine for lithium extraction is a study conducted by Siekierka et al. [7] using the hybrid capacitive deionization method, which produces lithium with a concentration of 73%. Electrodialysis is a process in which ions are transferred through the membrane due to the difference in potential electrical energy given and the flow of electric current [9]. In general, ED experiments are carried out in an electrodialysis stack, which is alternately arranged between a cation exchange membrane (CEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM), anode electrode (such as an iridium coated titanium electrode), and a cathode electrode (such as a stainless-steel electrode) [10]. Several studies have shown that Li+ can penetrate the monovalent ion exchange membrane from the brine (feed) into the concentrate (purified solution) under an electric driving force during the process. In contrast, other ions such as Mg2+ and Ca2+ do not penetrate the monovalent ion exchange membrane and stay in the bait [11]. Therefore, ED shows excellent potential in lithium extraction, especially the separation of lithium in brine. The ED method is often applied in brackish water desalination, sewage treatment, boiler feed water, and process water. The ED method can also separate a mineral from other unwanted ions, as done by Bunani et al. [12] regarding the extraction of boron and lithium metals using the ED system. Nie et al. [10] also conducted a study on separating Li+ ions from Mg2+ ions with various Li+ / Mg2+ ratios using the electrodialysis method. Other studies on lithium recovery using the ED method have also been carried out, such as Zhao et al. [13]. This research discusses the effect of temperature on the lithium recovery process. Another important research on electrodialysis has also been conducted by Hoshino [14]. In this study, an ionic liquid-based membrane was used to separate lithium from seawater. ED membranes are divided into two types, namely anion and cation membranes. Both types of membranes have a smooth flat surface with a plastic-like appearance. The membrane is waterproof because the membrane is reinforced with synthetic fibers. Other characteristics of the ED membrane are low electrical resistance, resistance to fouling, insoluble in water, resistance to pH conditions 2-9, and durability (10-15 years) [15]. A study on ED conducted by Ji et al. [16] showed that the membrane used is resistant to strong acids and bases, has an electrical resistance between 2.4–3 ohm.cm2, with a thickness of 0.13-0.15 mm, and can operate at temperatures up to 40°C. In other studies, it was also shown that the specifications for the membrane used were 0.183 mm, with a conductivity of 8.3 Siemens / m and a capacity of 0.89 meq/g [17]. There is a slight difference between the membranes that have been discussed and the characteristics of the membranes used in the research conducted by Gmar and Chagnes [18]. The characteristics of the membrane used in this study include a thickness between 0.125-0.2 mm, a resistance of 2.8-3.5 ohms.cm2, and a capacity of 0.74-162 meq/g. Electrodialysis has the same principle of electric flow as the electrolysis system. Electrodialysis is performed using a direct current (DC) source and cannot be done with an alternating current source. Electrodialysis undergoes breaking down an electrolyte due to an electric current as occurred in the electrolysis process. There is a change in electrical energy into chemical energy in electrodialysis cells, and the reaction does not occur spontaneously [19]. Research conducted by Chen et al. [20] uses electricity with a constant voltage of 5V. In a study conducted by Ji et al. [16], the power voltage used is 3-8V. Whereas in the research conducted by Song and Zhao [17], the electric voltage used was 3.5V. 2PDF Image | Lithium recovery synthetic geothermal brine electrodialysis
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |