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Minerals 2019, 9, 528 9 of 15 Geothermal field on the QTP reported that zabuyelite, which was first discovered in the Zabuye Lake, precipitated, suggesting that geothermal water inflow may be the primary source for Li accumulation in the salt lakes [67]. Moreover, previous studies reported that the combined action of surrounding rocks’ weathering, paleo-lake migration, leaching of former evaporites and upflow of deep underground brines contributed to the formation of Li brine deposits in the Bieletan section in the Qarhan playa, Dongtai and Xitai salt lakes, and Yiliping playa in the Qaidam Basin on the QTP [80]. However, recent studies certified that these Li brine deposits were formed by the supply of the Nalenggele River [33–35]. Compared to other rivers originated from the eastern Kunlun Mountain, the Nalenggele River has Mhignehraelrs 2L0i1c9o, 9n,cxeFnOtrRaPtiEoEnRsR(0E.V4I1E6W–0.756 mg/L) because its upper reaches (Hongshui River) are suppl1i0edofb15y geothermal springs related to volcanism along the Kunlun Fault. Limited studies on water chemistry boafshinotinsptrhiengYsaihnuthLiaskaereina rthepeoQrtaeidahmighBaLsinc,oLnicebnrtinraetidoenpso(s0i.t41is–9n6o.t0fmorgm/Le)d[5b3e]c.auTsheisofcotnheclushsiornt raelsiodduaeclitpimher.sTthuesf,atchtetahbaotvLei-froicuhr sfacltolarskejosinintlythceoQnsatirdaainmthBeasdiinstsreibeumtsiotno, hLaivgerandoescolfleLcit-iroicnhwsaitlht lsaukteusreosn. tThheeQseTlPa.kTesheresccehiveemLaitifcrofomrmthaetisountumreodzoelnoefs Lthi-rroiuchghsarlitvlearksews ohnichthceaQn TtrPanispshoortwsnoliunteFsigfourea 4. Figure 4. Schematic model for the formation of Li-rich brines in salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Figure 4. Schematic model for the formation of Li-rich brines in salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (after [78]). Plateau (after [78]). long distance. The formation of geothermal springs is interpreted as the infiltration and circulation of meteoric In addition, when studying the formation of Li brine deposits in salt lakes on the QTP, some waters along some stretching tensile active tectonic belts or suture zones [77,81]. The meteoric water basin scale processes, including absorption of Li by clay, evaporites formation, should be considered. was heated by the crustal remelting magmas, then discharged as hot springs (geothermal waters) at For example, Li reserves in the Bielatan and Yiliping playas, Dongtai and Xitai salt lakes are 2.3 the surface [77,81]. During this process, water-rock interaction and magmatic residuals may contribute million tons; however, according to the recharge time (>10,000 years), the annual runoff (~10.83 × 108 m3), Li content (0.727 mg/L) of the supplying Nalenggele River water, the total Li (~7.9 million tons Li) supplied by river is much larger than the present reserves [33–35]. The Li may be lost during the river transportation process and/or the evaporation and concentration process in the lake area. However, the mechanisms controlling the Li ionic behavior during the transportation and enrichment processes are unclear and the extent of Li scavenging by clay and evaporites has not been assessed inPDF Image | Lithium-Rich Brines in Salt Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan
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