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Mg2+/Li+. Unfortunately, most commercially available NF membranes with polyamide skin layers are negatively charged. Therefore, the fabrication and the application of positively charged NF membranes are highly attractive for lithium recovery. For example, Zhang et al. [26] fabricated a positively charged three-channel capillary NF membrane via interfacial polymerisation (IP) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). A better separation factor SLi,Mg of 10.4 was presented for treating diluted brine with the mass ratio of Mg2+ and Li+ of 14, as compared to SLi,Mg of around 3 for a negatively charged membrane prepared under similar conditions. Similarly, a positively charged hollow fiber NF membrane was fabricated by Li et al. via interfacial polymerisation (IP) with 1,4-Bis(3-aminopropyl) piperazine and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) [25]. Another positively charged NF membrane was modified by EDTA, which has the capability to form a complex with divalent cations such as Mg2+. Therefore, the EDTA-functionalized NF membrane exhibited a separation factor SLi,Mg of 9.2 [27]. Another approach to fabricate a high-selectivity NF membrane was developed by Cuo et al. [28]. A novel polymer-functionalised metal organic frameworks (MOF)-based membrane was constructed to achieve extremely fast and selective Li+ separation. The resultant membrane possessed an outstanding separation selectivity SLi,Mg of 1815, which was the highest separation factor reported; the flux of lithium ions could simultaneously be maintained at a relatively high value of 6.7 mol m–2 h–1. Wang et al. [29] developed another series of MOF membranes including ZIF-8 and UiO-66 to selectively separate lithium from a monovalent ion-rich solution such as sodium and potassium. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the Li+ mobility was enhanced, whereas the K+ and Na+ mobility was reduced in ZIF-8. Consequently, a higher selectivity of Li+ with K+ and Na+ was obtained. Although NF is the only membrane technology for large-scale applications, membrane fouling is still a significant issue encountered in lithium recovery, leading to the decline in membrane permeability and selectivity. For instance, the NF permeability declined by 50% 8PDF Image | Membrane based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |