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Mining the Future Lithium

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Mining the Future Lithium ( mining-future-lithium )

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synthetic geothermal brine. 100 ml of ScCO2 at the operational temperature and pressure were flowed through the reactor at about 3 ml/min. The outlet stream of ScCO2 was bubbled through chloroform in a graduated cylinder to capture extracted materials. Finally, the system was flushed with ScCO2 for an additional 45 min at a flow rate of about 2-3 ml/min. At the conclusion of an experiment, the reactor was detached from the system and opened. The synthetic geothermal brine that was subjected to the ScCO2 extraction process was sampled and analyzed for lithium and sodium content by ICP-OES. 3. Results and Discussion Two extractant and cation exchanger combinations were studied in this research; methylene-14- crown-4 paired with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (M14C4/HDEHP) and fluorinated 14-crown-4 paired with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (F14C4/HDEHP) (see Figure 2). These extraction systems were researched at a number of different conditions, where the temperature, pressure, and cation exchanger excess were modified. In each extraction the selectivity of the extraction system towards lithium over sodium and magnesium was also evaluated. The extraction efficiency for each of these cations was defined by 𝐸π‘₯π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› % = [π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘–π‘œπ‘›]π‘–π‘›π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ βˆ’ [π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘–π‘œπ‘›]π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘™ (7.1) [π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘–π‘œπ‘›]π‘–π‘›π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ where [π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘–π‘œπ‘›]π‘–π‘›π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ is the initial concentration of each metal ion in the aqueous phase, and [π‘šπ‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘–π‘œπ‘›]π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘™ is the residual concentration of each metal ion in the aqueous phase following the extraction. The concentration of lithium, magnesium, and sodium in the synthetic geothermal brine subjected to extraction in this research is presented in Table 1. Palsdottir and Tester Table 1: The concentration of Li+, Na+, and Mg2+ ions in the synthetic geothermal brine subjected to ScCO2 extraction in this research. Metal ion Concentration [mg/L] Li+ 10 Na+ Mg2+ 500 40 The results of the extractions performed can be seen in Figure 4. The first extraction case was performed at 60Β°C and 250 bars, with a 300-fold excess of HDEHP and a 50-fold excess of the crown ethers, with respect to the lithium concentration in the aqueous phase. In the second extraction case the temperature was 85Β°C and the pressure 250 bars, with a 300-fold excess of HDEHP and a 50-fold excess of the crown ethers. In the third case the conditions were 60Β°C and 200 bars, with a 300-fold excess of HDEHP and a 50-fold excess of the crown ethers. In the fourth and last case the temperature was 60Β°C and the pressure 250 bars but the excess of HDEHP was modified to be 50-fold. The excess of the crown ethers was kept constant; at 50- fold.

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One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

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